Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications
Important questions and answers, Question Paper download, Online Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki
Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications
Progress in Therapeutics
Progress in Therapeutics: Contributions of Many Cultures Drug Control And Development Modern Drug Legislation Clinical Testing of Drugs Phases of Clinical Investigation Special Populations Adverse Reaction SurveillanceMechanisms of Drug Action
Receptors Drug Receptors and Biological Responses Second-Messenger Systems The Chemistry of Drug-Receptor Binding Dynamics of Drug–Receptor Binding Dose–Response Relationship Equations Derived From Drug–Receptor Interactions Drug AntagonismDrug Absorption and Distribution
Properties of Biological Membranes that Influence Drug Passage Mechanisms of Solute Transport Across Membranes Absorption of Drugs From the Alimentary Tract Factors Affecting Rate of Gastrointestinal Absorption Absorption of Drugs From the Lung Absorption of Drugs Through the Skin Absorption of Drugs After Parenteral Administration Factors Influencing Drug Distribution Human Available Distribution Volume Binding of Drugs to Plasma Proteins Selective Accumulation of Drugs Physiological Barriers to Drug DistributionMetabolism and Excretion of Drugs
Oxidative and Reductive Enzymes: Phase I Reactions Conjugative Enzymes: Phase II Reactions Tissue Specificity of Human Drug Metabolism Enzymes Pharmacogenetics of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes Excretion of Drugs Renal Excretion Pulmonary Excretion Excretion in Other Body FluidsPharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics Drug Concentration-Time Profiles and Basic Pharmacokinetic Parameters Additional Pharmacokinetic Parameters Pharmacokinetics of Single Versus Multiple Dosing Nonlinear PharmacokineticsDrug Metabolism and Disposition in Pediatric and Gerontological Stages of Life
Drug Disposition in Pediatric Patients Drug Disposition in Geriatric PatientsPrinciples of Toxicology
Principles of Toxicology Manifestations of Toxicity Treatment of Poisonings Exposure to Nontherapeutic Toxicants Applications of Toxicological PrinciplesContemporary Bioethical Issues in Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Research
Biomedical Ethics in Pharmacology: An Introduction and Framework Biomedical Ethics and Clinical Research Conflicts of Interest and the Pharmaceutical IndustryGeneral Organization and Functions of the Nervous System
General Organization and Functions of the Nervous System Anatomic Differences Between the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic Neurotransmitters Innervation of Various Organs by the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems The Adrenal Medulla Transmission of the Nerve Impulse Steps in Neurochemical Transmission Receptors on the Autonomic Effector CellsAdrenomimetic Drugs
Adrenomimetic Drugs: Chemistry Adrenomimetic Drugs: Mechanism of Action Pharmacodynamic Actions of Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Isoproterenol Pharmacological Actions of Dopamine Clinical Uses of Catecholamines Other Adrenomimetic AgentsAdrenoceptor Antagonists
Adrenoceptors Classification of Blocking Drugs alpha-Receptor Blocking Agents beta-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents Drugs With Combined and ?eta-and ?lpha Blocking ActivityDirectly and Indirectly Acting Cholinomimetics
Directly and Indirectly Acting Cholinomimetics Direct-Acting Parasympathomimetic Drugs Cholinesterase Inhibitors Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Clinical UsesMuscarinic Blocking Drugs
Muscarinic Blocking Drugs: Chemistry Muscarinic Blocking Drugs: Mechanism of Action Muscarinic Blocking Drugs: Pharmacological Actions Muscarinic Blocking Drugs: Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion Muscarinic Blocking Drugs: Clinical Uses Muscarinic Blocking Drugs: Antimuscarinic Poisoning Muscarinic Blocking Drugs: Contraindications and CautionsGanglionic Blocking Drugs and Nicotine
Ganglionic Transmission Ganglionic Stimulants Ganglionic Blocking Drugs Individual AgentsPharmacological Management of Chronic Heart Failure
Chronic (Congestive) Heart Failure Myocardial Excitation–Contraction Coupling Cardiac Glycosides Diuretics Hydralazine and Nitrates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Beta-Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs cAMP-Elevating Agents Antiarrhythmic Drugs Cardiac Electrophysiology: Transmembrane Potential Cardiac Electrophysiology: Ionic Basis for the Membrane Action Potential Cardiac Electrophysiology: Automaticity Cardiac Electrophysiology: Cardiac Conduction Cardiac Electrophysiology: Refractory Period Cardiac Electrophysiology: Mechanisms of Arrhythmias Cardiac Electrophysiology: Enhanced Automaticity Cardiac Electrophysiology: Triggered Activity Cardiac Electrophysiology: Reentry Classification of Antiarrhythmic Drugs Quinidine Procainamide Disopyramide Moricizine Lidocaine Phenytoin Tocainide Mexiletine Flecainide Propafenone Propranolol Acebutolol Esmolol Bretylium Amiodarone Sotalol Dofetilide Ibutilide Fumarate Verapamil Digitalis Glycosides and Vagomimetic Drugs Adenosine Magnesium Sulfate Drug–Device InteractionsAntianginal Drugs
Antianginal Drugs The Therapeutic Objectives in the Use of Antianginal Drugs Organic Nitrates Antianginal Drugs ?-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents Calcium Entry or Calcium Channel BlockersThe ReninAngiotensin Aldosterone System and Other Vasoactive Substances
The Renin–Angiotensin System Angiotensin Receptors Pharmacological Actions Antagonists of the Renin–Angiotensin System Aldosterone Bradykinin Endothelin Natriuretic Peptides Nitric OxideCalcium Channel Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers Calcium Antagonism Pharmacological Effects on the Cardiovascular System Therapeutic Applications Calcium Channel Blockers: Pharmacokinetics Calcium Channel Blockers: ToxicityAntihypertensive Drugs
Antihypertensive Drugs Diuretics Vasodilators Vasodilators: Mechanism of Action Vasodilators: Hydralazine Vasodilators: Minoxidil Vasodilators: Diazoxide Vasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside Drugs That Impair Sympathetic Nervous System Functioning Adrenoceptor Antagonists Adrenergic Neuron ?eta-Blocking Drugs Drugs that Interfere with Norepinephrine Storage Drugs that Interfere with Norepinephrine Synthesis Ganglionic Blocking Agents Centrally Acting Hypotensive DrugsDiuretic Drugs
Diuretic Drugs Body Water and Electrolyte Metabolism Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Thiazide Diuretics Hypokalemia and Potassium-sparing Diuretics High-Ceiling, or Loop, Diuretics Osmotic Diuretics Uses of DiureticsAnticoagulant Antiplatelet and Fibrinolytic Thrombolytic Drugs
Hemostatic Mechanisms Coagulation Systems Anticoagulant Drugs Clinical Indications for Anticoagulant Therapy Antiplatelet Drugs Fibrinolytic SystemHypocholesterolemic Drugs and Coronary Heart Disease
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease as the Goal When to Treat Hypercholesterolemias? Management of Hyperlipidemias With Drugs Management of Hyperlipidemias With Drugs: Other Hypocholesterolemic Drugs When to Treat HypertriglyceridemiasIntroduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology
Review of Basic Neuroscience Central Nervous System Neurotransmitters Blood-Brain BarrierGeneral Anesthesia Intravenous and Inhalational Agents
Pharmacokinetic Characteristics Influencing the Clinical Intravenous Anesthetic Agents Benzodiazepines Etomidate Propofol Ketamine Intravenous Anesthetic Techniques Managed with Opioids ?2-Adrenoceptor Agonists Inhalational Anesthetics Pharmacokinetic Characteristics Development of the Partial Pressure of a Gas in Solution A Concept of Anesthetic Dose Based on Partial Pressure–Minimum Alveolar Concentration Factors Affecting the Rate of Development of Anesthetic Concentration in the Lung Halogenated Hydrocarbon Anesthetics Nonhalogenated Inhalational Anesthetics Mechanism of Anesthetic ActionOpioid and Nonopioid Analgesics
The Nature of Pain Nonopioid Analgesics Salicylates p-Aminophenol Derivatives Indoles (indomethacin) and Related Compounds Fenamates Arylpropionic Acid Derivatives Pyrazolone Derivatives Oxicam Derivatives Acetic Acid Derivatives COX-2 Inhibitors Opioid Analgesics Opioid Analgesics: Pharmacological Effects Opioid Analgesics: Morphine Opioid Analgesics: Codeine and Other Phenanthrene Derivatives Opioid Analgesics: Meperidine and Related Phenylpiperidine Derivatives Opioid Analgesics: Fentanyl, Sufentanil, and Alfentanil Opioid Analgesics: Levorphanol Opioid Analgesics: Methadone Opioid Analgesics: Propoxyphene Opioid Analgesics: Opium-Containing Preparations Opioid Analgesics: Heroin Mixed Opioid Agonist–Antagonists or Partial Agonists Opioid Analgesics: Opioid Antagonists Opioid Analgesics: Drugs Used Predominantly as AntitussivesLocal Anesthetics
Properties of Local Anesthetics Esters Amides Topical Agents Agents Affecting Neuromuscular Transmission Enhancement of Acetylcholine Release Depression of Acetylcholine Release Depression of Postjunctional Response to Acetylcholine Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Pharmacology of Antispasticity AgentsCentral Nervous System Stimulants
Central Nervous System Stimulants Analeptic Stimulants Psychomotor Stimulants XanthinesSedative hypnotic and Anxiolytic Drugs
Sedative–hypnotic and Anxiolytic Drugs Azapirones Benzodiazepines Other Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists Sedatives and Anxiolytics With Other Major Uses Older Sedative–Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Agents Nonprescription DrugsDrugs Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Parkinson’s Disease Therapy of Parkinsonism Alzheimer’s DiseaseAntiepileptic Drugs
Antiepileptic Drugs Clinically Useful Drugs Sodium Channel Blocking Agents Drugs That Primarily Enhance the Action of GABA Agents That Block T-Calcium Channels Agents Whose Mechanism of Action Is Not Known Anticonvulsant Drugs and Pregnancy Treatment of Febrile Seizures Treatment of Status EpilepticusDrugs Used in Mood Disorders
Treatment of Major Depression Treatment of Major Depression: The Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Treatment of Major Depression: Miscellaneous Antidepressants Treatment of Major Depression: Tricyclic Antidepressants Treatment of Major Depression: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Treatment of Manic-Depressive IllnessAntipsychotic Drugs
The Disease of Schizophrenia Antipsychotic Mechanisms of Action Antipsychotic Drugs: Pharmacology Antipsychotic Drugs: Clinical Uses Antipsychotic Drugs: Adverse Effects Antipsychotic Drugs: Drug InteractionsContemporary Drug Abuse
Contemporary Drug Abuse Opioids Stimulants Nicotine Sedative–Hypnotics Contemporary Drug Abuse: Ethanol Contemporary Drug Abuse: Marijuana Contemporary Drug Abuse: Hallucinogens Contemporary Drug Abuse: Inhalants Contemporary Drug Abuse: Designer Drugs Contemporary Drug Abuse: Anabolic SteroidsAntiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Drugs
Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Drugs The Inflammatory Process Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Specific Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Methotrexate Sulfasalazine Antimalarials Leflunomide TNF-? : Inhibitors Interleukin-1 Antagonists Gold Compounds Drugs Other Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy New Approaches to the Treatment of Rheumatoid ArthritisDrugs Used in Gout
Drugs Used in Gout Chemistry of Uric Acid Renal Urate Homeostasis Relationship of Uric Acid Levels to Gout Role of Phagocytosis in Acute Gouty Arthritis Principles of Gout Management Colchicine Uricosuric AgentsHistamine and Histamine Antagonists
Histamine Histamine Antagonism and Histamine AntagonistsDrugs Used in Asthma
Drugs Used in Asthma Drugs Used in Asthma: Treatment Strategy Bronchodilators Adrenomimetic Agents Theophylline Anticholinergics Antiinflammatory Agents Alternative Therapies Status AsthmaticusDrugs Used in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Introduction to Normal Physiology Drugs That Increase GI Motility Drugs That Decrease GI Motility Pharmacological Modulation of Diarrhea Pharmacological Modulation of Vomiting Drugs that Decrease or Neutralize Gastric Acid Secretion Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Miscellaneous GI DrugsDrugs Used in Dermatological Disorders
Skin Structure Percutaneous Absorption Practical Considerations in Topical Drug Therapy Topical Glucocorticosteroids Retinoids Photochemotherapy Photodynamic Therapy Aminolevulinic Acid Dapsone Thalidomide Antimalarial Drugs Antimicrobial Agents Drugs For Cutaneous Fungal Infections Drugs For Cutaneous Viral Infections Drugs Used To Treat Scabies and Lice Cytotoxic and Immunosuppressive Agents Topical Immune-Modulating Agents Antihistamines Doxepin Drugs Used to Treat Disorders of Pigmentation Recombinant Proteins and Other Biologicals Miscellaneous Topical Agents Keratolytics SunscreensDrugs for the Control of Supragingival Plaque
The Role of Supragingival Dental Plaque in the Initiation of Gingivitis Pharmacokinetics of the Oral Cavity Antiplaque AgentsIntroduction to Chemotherapy
Introduction to Chemotherapy The Patient–Drug–Pathogen Interaction Managing ChemotherapySynthetic Organic Antimicrobials Sulfonamides Trimethoprim Nitrofurans Quinolones Methenamine
Sulfonamides Trimethoprim Quinolones: Nalidixic Acid and Fluoroquinolones Urinary AntisepticsLactam Antibiotics
?-Lactam Antibiotics ?-Lactam Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action ?-Lactam Antibiotics: Mechanisms of Resistance Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems and Carbacephems MonobactamsAminoglycoside Antibiotics
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Chemistry Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Mechanism of Antibacterial Action Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Mechanism of Antibacterial Resistance Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Pharmacokinetics Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Clinical Uses Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Single Daily Dosing Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: ToxicityTetracyclines Chloramphenicol Macrolides and Lincosamides
Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Macrolide Antibiotics LincosamidesBacitracin Glycopeptide Antibiotics and the Polymyxins
Bacitracin Glycopeptides: Vancomycin and Teicoplanin The PolymyxinsDrugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy
Key Concepts in the Treatment of Tuberculosis First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs Second-Line Antituberculous Drugs Recommendation for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Recommendations for Treatment of Active Tuberculosis Treatment of LeprosyAntiviral Drugs
Viral Infection and Disease Antiherpesvirus Agents Antiherpesvirus Agents: Acyclovir and Valacyclovir Antiherpesvirus Agents: Cidofovir Antiherpesvirus Agents: Docosanol Antiherpesvirus Agents: Famciclovir and Penciclovir Fomivirsen Antiherpesvirus Agents: Foscarnet Antiherpesvirus Agents: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir Antiherpesvirus Agents: Idoxuridine Antiherpesvirus Agents: Trifluridine Antiherpesvirus Agents: Vidarabine Antiinfluenza Agents Antiinfluenza Agents: Amantadine and Rimantadine Antiinfluenza Agents: Oseltamivir Antiinfluenza Agents: Zanamivir Antiviral Agents: Immune Globulin Antiviral Agents: Interferons Antiviral Agents: Ribavirin Antiviral Agents: Lamivudine Antiviral Agents: PalivizumabTherapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Therapy of HIV Infection Drug Therapy of HIV Infection: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Drug Therapy of HIV Infection: Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Drug Therapy of HIV Infection: Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Drug Therapy of HIV Infection: Protease Inhibitors The Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in PregnancyAntifungal Drugs
Antifungal Drugs Amphotericin B Nystatin Antifungal Drug The Azoles Antifungal Drug Fluconazole Antifungal Drug Itraconazole Antifungal Drug Ketoconazole Antifungal Drug Miconazole Antifungal Drug Clotrimazole Antifungal Drug Voriconazole Antifungal Drug Flucytosine Antifungal Drug Capsofungin Antifungal Drug Allylamines Antifungal Drug Griseofulvin Antifungal Drug Miscellaneous Topical Antifungal AgentsAntiprotozoal Drugs
Protozoal Diseases Antiprotozoal Drug: Metronidazole Antiprotozoal Drug: Iodoquinol Antiprotozoal Drug: Diloxanide Furoate Antiprotozoal Drug: Antibiotics Antiprotozoal Drug: Pentamidine Antiprotozoal Drug: Suramin Antiprotozoal Drug: Eflornithine Antiprotozoal Drug: Arsenicals Antiprotozoal Drug: Nifurtimox Antiprotozoal Drug: Antimonials Malaria Antimalarial Drugs Antimalarial Drugs In Development Selection of Antimalarial DrugsAnthelmintic Drugs
Anthelmintic Drugs Treatment for Infections Caused by Nematodes Benzimidazoles Treatment for Infections Caused by Cestodes Treatment for Infections Caused by TrematodesThe Rational Basis for Cancer Chemotherapy
Concepts in Tumor Cell Biology Drugs and the Cell Cycle Tumor Growth and Growth Fraction The Log Cell Kill Hypothesis Cancer Chemotherapy: Drug Resistance Cancer Therapy and the Immune System General Toxicological Properties of Anticancer Drugs Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Cancer Chemotherapy Combination ChemotherapyAntineoplastic Agents
Alkylating Agents Alkylating Agents: Nitrogen Mustards Alkylating Agents: Nitrosoureas Alkylating Agents: Alkyl Sulfonates Alkylating Agents: Ethylenimines Alkylating Agents: Triazenes Antimetabolites: Folate Antagonists Antimetabolites: Purine Analogues Antimetabolites: Pyrimidine Analogues Antineoplastic Agents: Antibiotics Antineoplastic Agents: Plant-Derived Products Antineoplastic Agents: Enzymes Antineoplastic Agents: Hormone Derivatives Antineoplastic Agents: Miscellaneous Agents Immunomodulating Agents Cellular Growth Factors New Drug Therapies for CancerImmunomodulating Drugs
Autoimmune Diseases Organ Transplantation Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases General Principles of Immunosuppressive Therapy Individual Drugs Used to Suppress the Immune System Individual Drugs Used to Stimulate the Immune SystemGene Therapy
Gene Therapy Gene Therapy: Definition and Goals Antisense Gene Excision and Replacement Gene Addition Gene Therapy: Delivery Systems Disease Application and Future DirectionsHypothalamic and Pituitary Gland Hormones
Anterior Pituitary Hormones Hypothalamic Regulatory Hormones Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary GlandAdrenocortical Hormones and Drugs Affecting the Adrenal Cortex
Steroid Physiology Actions of the Corticosteroids General Pharmacology of Corticosteroids Adverse Effects Therapeutic Uses of Steroid Hormones Proposed Mechanism of Steroid Action Drugs Used in the Diagnosis or Treatment of Adrenocortical AbnormalitiesEstrogens Progestins and Specific Estrogen Receptor Modulators SERMs
Natural Estrogens and Progestins Natural Estrogens and Progestins: Mechanisms of Action Actions of Estrogens and Progestins in Females Synthetic Agents Acting Via Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Clinical Uses Cancer Other clinical uses of estrogens and progestins Estrogens, Progestins: Adverse Effects Contraindications and Drug InteractionsUterine Stimulants and Relaxants
Uterine Stimulants and Relaxants Uterine Stimulants Uterine RelaxantsAndrogens Antiandrogens and Anabolic Steroids
Characterization of Plasma Androgens Sex Hormone–Binding Proteins Steroidogenesis Regulation of Plasma Testosterone Androgen: Mechanism of Action Androgens: Pharmacological Actions Androgens: Clinical Uses Androgens: Adverse Effects Androgens: AntiandrogensDrugs Used in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction Physiology of Penile Erection Individual AgentsThyroid and Antithyroid Drugs
Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs Biosynthesis, Storage, Secretion, and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones Mechanisms of Action of Thyroid Hormones Physiological Effects of Thyroid Hormones Hypothyroid States Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism Adverse Effects of Treatment With Thyroid Hormone Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs: Drug Interactions Thyrotoxicosis Drugs Used in the Treatment of HyperthyroidismParathyroid Hormone Calcitonin Vitamin D
Calcium Homeostasis Parathyroid Hormone Calcitonin Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) Bisphosphonates Clinical Uses of Parathyroid Hormone Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Vitamin D: Adverse EffectsInsulin and Oral Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus
Glucose Homeostasis Insulin Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Disturbances and Complications of the Diabetic State Clinical Management of Diabetes Oral Agents For Treating Diabetes Mellitus Sulfonylureas - Oral Agents For Treating Diabetes Mellitus Meglitinides - Oral Agents For Treating Diabetes Mellitus Biguanides - Oral Agents For Treating Diabetes Mellitus Thiazolidinediones - Oral Agents For Treating Diabetes Mellitus ?-Glucosidase Inhibitors - Oral Agents For Treating Diabetes MellitusVitamins
Dietary Reference Standards Vitamins Deficiency Diseases Vitamin Toxicity Physiological Function and Dietary Sources - Vitamins Vitamins: Therapeutic Uses Vitamin–Drug Interactions AnemiaHerbal Medicine
Herbal Medicine Herbal Medicine Traditions Herbal Medicine: Potential Concerns Herbal Medicine: Regulatory Issues Herbal Preparations: Echinacea Herbal Preparations: Feverfew Herbal Preparations: Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Herbal Preparations: Ginseng Herbal Preparations: Kava Herbal Preparations: Milk Thistle Herbal Preparations: Saw Palmetto Herbal Preparations: St. John’s Wort Herbal Preparations: Soy and Other Phytoestrogens
Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Electronics Engineering
Civil Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Information Technology
Medical
MBBS
Nursing
BPharm
MD
MBA
AnnaUniv MBA
TN School 11th 12th
Anna University
EEE - Anna University
ECE - Anna University
Civil - Anna University
MECH - Anna University
CSE - Anna University
IT - Anna University
Online Student Guide
UPSC Civil services Entrance exams
GATE Exam
GATE Exam EE Electrical
GATE Exam EC Electronics
GATE Exam CS Computer Science
GATE Exam CE Civil
GATE Exam ME Mechanical
IIT JEE IEEE Entrance Exam
NEET Entrance Exam
AIIMS Entrance Exams
Problem Solving and Reasoning
Verbal, Reading Comprehension
Data Interpretation
Logical Reasoning
Mathematics or Quantitative
CAT Entrance Exams
CLAT LAW Entrance exams
Banking Entrance exams
TANCET Anna University
TN State Board one mark
TN 11th Standard one mark