Ophthalmology
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Ophthalmology
The Ophthalmic Examination
Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment Ophthalmic Examination: History Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct Examination of the Conjunctiva Examination of the Cornea Examination of the Anterior Chamber Examination of the Lens Confrontation Field Testing Measurement of Intraocular Pressure Eyedrops, Ointment, and BandagesThe Eyelids
Eyelids: Basic Knowledge Eyelids: Examination Methods Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies Eyelids: Deformities Ptosis Entropion Ectropion Trichiasis Blepharospasm Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid Contact Eczema Edema Seborrheic Blepharitis Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Eyelid Abscess Louse Infestation of the Eyelids Disorders of the Eyelid Glands Hordeolum Chalazion Eyelids: Benign Tumors Eyelids: Malignant Tumors Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma AdenocarcinomaLacrimal System
Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge Lacrimal System: Examination Methods Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System Dacryocystitis Canaliculitis Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac Lacrimal System Dysfunction Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Illacrimation Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland Acute Dacryoa Chronic Dacryoadenitis Tumors of the Lacrimal GlandConjunctiva
Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge Conjunctiva: Examination Methods Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes Pingueculum Pterygium Pseudopterygium Conjunctival Xerosis General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of Conjunctivitis Infectious Conjunctivitis Noninfectious Conjunctivitis Conjunctiva Tumors Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors Conjunctival Lymphoma Kaposi's sarcoma Conjunctival DepositsCornea
Cornea: Basic Knowledge Cornea: Examination Methods Cornea: Developmental Anomalies Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus Infectious Keratitis Bacterial Keratitis Viral Keratitis Mycotic Keratitis Acanthamoeba Keratitis Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy Superficial Punctate Keratitis Exposure Keratitis Neuroparalytic Keratitis Problems with Contact Lenses Bullous Keratopathy Corneal Deposits Corneal Degeneration Corneal Dystrophies Corneal Surgery Curative Corneal Procedures Refractive Corneal ProceduresSclera
Sclera : Basic Knowledge Sclera : Examination Methods Sclera : Color Changes Staphyloma and Ectasia Sclera : Trauma Sclera : Inflammations Episcleritis ScleritisEye Lens
Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge Eye Lens: Examination Methods Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens Eye Lens: Cataract Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract Cataract in Systemic Disease Complicated Cataracts Cataract after Intraocular Surgery Traumatic Cataract Toxic Cataract Congenital Cataract Treatment of Cataracts Eye Lens DislocationUveal Tract Vascular pigmented layer
Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis Choroiditis Sympathetic Ophthalmia Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) Benign Choroidal TumorsPupil
Pupil: Basic Knowledge Pupil: Examination Methods Pupillary Motor Dysfunction Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye Isocoria with Constricted Pupils Isocoria with Dilated PupilsGlaucoma
Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge Glaucoma: Examination Methods Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma Secondary Glaucomas Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma Childhood GlaucomasVitreous Body
Vitreous Body Vitreous Body: Examination Methods Vitreous Body: Aging Changes Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body Vitreous Hemorrhage Vitritis and Endophthalmitis Vitreoretinal Dystrophies The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and Following Cataract Surgery Surgical Treatment: VitrectomyRetina
Retina Examination of the Fundus Normal and Abnormal Fundus Findings in General Retina: Color Vision Retina: Electrophysiologic Examination Methods Diabetic Retinopathy Retinal Vein Occlusion Retinal Arterial Occlusion Hypertensive Retinopathy and Sclerotic Changes Coats’ Disease Retinopathy of Prematurity Retinal Detachment Degenerative Retinoschisis Peripheral Retinal Degenerations Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Age-Related Macular Degeneration Degenerative Myopia Retinal Dystrophies: Macular Dystrophies Retinal Dystrophies: Retinitis Pigmentosa Toxic Retinopathy Retinal Vasculitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease Posterior Uveitis Due to Toxoplasmosis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease AIDS-Related Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease Viral Retinitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease Retinitis in Lyme Disease - Retinal Inflammatory Disease Parasitic Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease Retinoblastoma Astrocytoma HemangiomasOptic Nerve
Optic Nerve Optic Nerve: Examination Methods Congenital Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk Acquired Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk Papilledema Optic Neuritis Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) Arteriosclerotic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Infiltrative Optic Disk Edema Atrophy of the Optic Nerve Optic Nerve Pits Optic Disk Coloboma (Morning Glory Disk) Intraocular Optic Nerve Tumors Retrobulbar Optic Nerve TumorsVisual Pathway
Visual Pathway Visual Pathway: Examination Methods Disorders of the Visual Pathway Chiasmal Lesions Retrochiasmal LesionsOrbital Cavity
Orbital Cavity Orbital Cavity: Examination Methods Orbital Cavity: Developmental Anomalies Orbital Involvement in Autoimmune Disorders: Graves Disease Orbital Cellulitis Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Orbital Pseudotumor Myositis Orbital Periostitis Mucocele and Mycoses (Mucormycosis and Aspergillomycosis) Pulsating Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders Intermittent Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders Orbital Hematoma - Vascular Disorders Orbital Cavity Tumors Orbital SurgeryEye Optics and Refractive Errors
Eye Optics and Refractive Errors Eye Optics and Refractive Errors: Examination Methods Myopia (Shortsightedness) Hyperopia (Farsightedness) Astigmatism Anisometropia Impaired Accommodation - Eye Optics and Refractive Errors Accommodation Spasm Accommodation Palsy Eyeglass Lenses - Correction of Refractive Errors Contact Lenses - Correction of Refractive Errors Prisms - Correction of Refractive Errors Magnifying Vision Aids - Correction of Refractive Errors Aberrations of Lenses and Eyeglasses - Correction of Refractive ErrorsOcular Motility and Strabismus
Ocular Motility and Strabismus Ocular Motility and Strabismus: Basic Knowledge Concomitant Strabismus Forms of Concomitant Strabismus Diagnosis of Concomitant Strabismus Therapy of Concomitant Strabismus Heterophoria Pseudostrabismus Ophthalmoplegia and Paralytic Strabismus NystagmusOcular Trauma
Ocular Trauma: Examination Methods Classification of Ocular Injuries by Mechanism of Injury Mechanical Injuries Eyelid Injury Injuries to the Lacrimal System Conjunctival Laceration Corneal and Conjunctival Foreign Bodies Corneal Erosion Blunt Ocular Trauma (Ocular Contusion) Eye Blow-out Fracture Eye Open-Globe Injuries Impalement Injuries of the Orbit Chemical Injuries in Eye Eye Injuries Due to Physical Agents Indirect Ocular Trauma: Purtscher’s Retinopathy
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