Energy losses in a transformer
Transformers do not have
any moving parts so that its efficiency is much higher than that of rotating
machines like generators and motors. But there are many factors which lead to
energy loss in a transformer.
This loss takes place in
transformer core. Hysteresis loss (Refer section 3.6) and eddy current loss are
known as core loss or Iron loss. When transformer core is magnetized and
demagnetized repeatedly by the alternating voltage applied across primary coil,
hysteresis takes place due to which some energy is lost in the form of heat.
Hysteresis loss is minimized by using steel of high silicon content in making
transformer core.
Alternating magnetic
flux in the core induces eddy currents in it. Therefore there is energy loss
due to the flow of eddy current, called eddy current loss which is minimized by
using very thin laminations of transformer core.
Transformer windings
have electrical resistance. When an electric current flows through them, some
amount of energy is dissipated due to Joule heating. This energy loss is called
copper loss which is minimized by using wires of larger diameter.
Flux leakage happens
when the magnetic lines of primary coil are not completely linked with
secondary coil. Energy loss due to this flux leakage is minimized by winding
coils one over the other.
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