Exercise
3.7
1. Fill in the blanks:
(i) The solution
of the equation ax+b=0 is_______.
Solution:
ax + b = 0
ax = − b
x = − b / a
(ii) If a
and b are positive integers then the solution of the equation ax=b
has to be always_______.
Solution:
Since a & b are positive integers,
The solution to the equation ax = b is x = b/a
is also positive.
(iii) One-sixth
of a number when subtracted from the number itself gives 25. The number is_______.
Solution:
Let the number be x.
As per
question, when one sixth of number is subtracted from itself it gives 25
x – [x/6] = 25
∴ [6x
− x] / 6 = 25
∴ 5x /
6 = 25
∴ x = [25
× 6] / 5 = 5 × 6 = 30
(iv) If the
angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2:3:4 then the difference between the greatest
and the smallest angle is _______.
Solution:
Given
angles are in the ratio 2:3:4
Let
the angles be 2x, 3x & 4x
Since
sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°,
We get
2x + 3x + 4x = 180
∴ 9x = 180
∴ x = 180 / 9 =
20°
∴ The angles are
2x =
2 × 20 = 40°
3x = 3 × 20 = 60°
4x
= 4 × 20 = 80°
∴ Difference between greatest
& smallest angle is
80° − 40° = 40°
(v) In an
equation a + b = 23. The value of a is 14 then the value of b is_______.
Solution:
Given
equation is a + b = 23. a = 14
14 + b = 23
∴ b = 23 – 14 =
9
b = 9
2. Say True or False
(i) “Sum
of a number and two times that number is 48” can be written as y+2y
= 48
Solution:
Let the number be ‘y’
∴ Sum of number & two times that number is 48
Can be written as y + 2y = 48
True
(ii) 5(3x+2) = 3(5x−7) is a linear equation in one variable.
Solution:
5 (3x + 2) = 3 (5x − 7)
=> l5 x + 10 = 15 x − 21
∴ False
(iii) x = 25 is the solution of one third of a
number is less than 10 the original number.
Solution:
One third of number is 10 less thain original number.
Let number be ‘x’. Therefore let us frame the equation
x/3 = x − 10
∴ x = 3x − 30
3x − x = 30
2x = 30
x = 15 is the solution
3. One number is seven times another.
If their difference is 18, find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the numbers be x & y
Given that one number is 7 times the other & that the
difference is 18.
Let x = 7y
also, x − y = 18 (given)
Substituting for x in the above
We get 7y − y = 18
∴ 6y = 18
y = 18 / 6 = 3
∴ x = 7y = 7 × 3 = 21
The number are 3 & 21
4. The sum of three consecutive odd numbers
is 75. Which is the largest among them?
Solution:
Given sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 75
Odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ……
∴ The difference between 2 consecutive odd numbers is always 2. or
in other words, if one odd number is x, the next odd number would be
x + 2 and the next number would be x + 2 + 2 = x + 4
i.e x + 4
Since sum of 3 consecutive odd nos is 75
∴ x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 75
∴ 3x + 6 = 75 ⇒ 3x = 75 − 6
∴ 3x = 69
x = 69 / 3 = 23
∴ The odd numbers are
23, 23 + 2, 23 + 4
i.e 23, 25. 27
∴ Largest number is
27.
5. The length of a rectangle is 1/3 of
its breadth. If its perimeter is 64m, then find the length and breadth of the rectangle.
Solution:
Let length & breadth of rectangle be ‘l’ and ‘b’
respectively
Given that length is 1/3 of breadth,
∴ l = 1/3 × b ⇒ l = b / 3 ⇒ b / 3 ⇒ b = 3 …(1)
Also given that perimeter is 64 m
Perimeter = 2 × (l + b)
[2 × l ] + [2 × b] = 64
Substituting for value of b from (1), we get
2 l + 2(3 l) = 64
∴ 2 l + 6 l
= 64
8 l = 64
∴ l = 64 / 8 = 8 m
b = 3 l = 3 × 8 = 24 m
length l = 8 m & breadth b = 24m
6. A total of 90 currency notes, consisting
only of ₹5 and ₹10 denominations,
amount to ₹500. Find the number of notes
in each denomination.
Solution:
Let the number of ₹ 5 notes be ‘x’
And number of ₹ 10 notes be ‘y’
Total numbers of notes is x + y = 90 (given)
The total value of the notes is 500 rupees.
Value of one ₹ 5 rupee note is 5
Value of x ₹ 5 rupee notes is 5 × x = 5x
∴ Value of y ₹ 10
rupee notes is 10 × y =10y
∴ The total value is 5x
+ 10y which is 500
∴ we have 2 equations:
x + y = 90 . ....(1)
5x + 10y = 500 ....(2)
Multiplying both sides of (1) by 5, we get
5 × x + 5 × y = 90 × 5
5x + 5y = 450 ....(3)
Subtracting (3) from (2), we get
5x + 10y
= 500
(−) 5x + 5y = 450
0 + 5y =
50
∴ y = 50 / 5 = 10
Substitute y = 10 in equation (1)
x + y = 90 ⇒ x + 10 = 90 ⇒ x = 90 – 10 ⇒ x = 80
∴ ₹5 currency notes = 80 nos.
₹10 currency notes = 10
nos.
7. At present, Thenmozhi’s age is 5 years
more than that of Murali’s age. Five years ago, the ratio of Thenmozhi’s age to
Murali’s age was 3:2. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let present ages of Thenmozhi & Murali be ‘t’ & ‘m’
Given that at present
Thenmozhi’s age is 5 years more than Murali
∴ t = m + 5 ....(1)
5 years ago, Thenmozhi’s age would be t − 5
& Murali’s age would be m − 5
Ratio of their ages is given as 3:2
∴ [ t − 5 ] / [ m – 5] = 3 / 2 [∴ By cross multiplication]
2(t − 5) = 3(m − 5)
2 × t – 2 × 5 = 3 × m − 3 × 5 ⇒ 2t − 10 = 3m − 15
Substituting for t from (1)
2(m + 5) − 10 = 3m − 15
2m + 10 – 10 = 3m
− 15
2m = 3m − 15
3m – 2m = 15
m = 15
t = m + 5 = 15 + 5 = 20
∴ Present ages of
Thenmozhi & Murali are 20 & 15
8. A number consists of two digits whose
sum is 9. If 27 is subtracted from the original number, its digits are interchanged.
Find the original number.
Solution:
Let the units/digit of a number be ‘u’ & tens digit
of the number be ‘t’
Given that sum of it’s digits is 9
∴ t + u = 9 …..(1)
If 27 is subtracted from original number, the digits are
interchanged
The number is written as 10t + u
[Understand: Suppose a 2 digit number is 21 ]
it can be written as (2 × 10) + 1
∴ 32 = (3 × 10) + 2
45 = (4 × 10) + 5
2 digit Number = [ t × 10] + u = 10t + u
Given that when 27 is subtracted, digits interchange
10t + u − 27 = 10u + t (number with
interchanged digits)
∴ By transposition & bringing like variables together
10t + t + u – 10u = 27
∴ 9t − 9u
= 27
Dividing by ‘9’ throughout, we get
[9t / 9] – [9u / 9] = 27 / 9 ⇒ t – u =
3 ....(2)
Solving (1) & (2) :
t + u = 9
t – u = 3
t = 12 / 2 = 6 ∴ u = 3
t = 6 substitute in (1)
t + u = 9 ⇒ 6 + u − 9 ⇒ u = 9 − 6 = 3
Hence the number is 63.
9. The denominator of a fraction exceeds
its numerator by 8. If the numerator is increased by 17 and the denominator is decreased
by 1, we get 3/2. Find the original fraction.
Solution:
Let the numerator & denominator be ‘n’ & ‘d’
Given that denominator exceeds numerator by 8
∴ d = n + 8 ....(1)
If numerator increased by 17 & denominator decreased by 1.
it becomes (n + 17) & (d − 1), fraction is 3 /
2.
i.e [n + 17] / [d
– 1] = 3 / 2 by cross multiplying, we get
[n + 17] / [d – 1] = 3 / 2
2(n + 17 ) = 3(d − 1)
2n + 2 × 17 = 3d – 3
2n + 34 = 3d – 3
∴ 34 + 3 = 3d
– 2n
∴ 3d − 2n
= 37 ……….. (2)
Substituting eqn. (1) in (2), we get,
3 × (n + 8) – 2n = 37
3n + 3 × 8 − 2n = 37
∴ 3n + 24 – 2n
= 37
∴ n = 37 – 24 = 13
d = n + 8 = 13 + 8 = 21
The fraction is n / d = 13 / 21
10. If a train runs at 60 km/hr it reaches
its destination late by 15 minutes. But, if it runs at 85 kmph it is late by only
4 minutes . Find the distance to be covered by the train.
Solution:
Let the distance to be covered by train be ‘d’
Using the formula, time take (t) = Distance / Speed
Case 1:
If speed = 60 km/h
The time taken is 15 minutes more than usual (t + 15/60)
Let usual time taken be ‘t’ hrs.
Caution : Since speed is given in km/hr,
we should take care to maintain all units such as time should be in hour and
distance should be in km.
Given that in case 1, it takes 15 min. more
15m = 15 / 60 hr = 1 / 4 hr.
∴ Substituting in formula,
Distance / Speed = time
∴ d / 60 = t + 1/4
Since usually it takes ‘t’ hr, but when running at 60
km/h, it takes 15 min (1/4 hr) extra.
Multiplying by 60 on both sides
d = 60 × t + 60 × 1/4 = 60t + 15 ………(1)
Case 2:
Speed is given as 85 km/h
Time taken is only 4 min ( 4/60 hr) more than usual time
∴ time taken = (t +
1/15) hr. (4/60 = 1/15)
Using the formula,
Distance / Speed = time
∴ d/85 = t +
1/15
Multiplying by 85 on both sides
d/85 × 85 = 85 × t + 85 × 1/15
∴ d = 85t +
17/3 ….(2)
From (1) & (2), we will solve for ‘t’
Equating & eliminating ‘d’ we get
60t + 15 = 85t + 17/3
∴ By transposing, we get
15 – 17/3 = 85t – 60t
[ 45 – 17 ] / 3 = 25t
∴ 25t = 28 / 3
∴ t = 28 / [3 × 25] = 28 / 75 hr (28/75 × 60 = 22.4 min)
Substituting this value of ‘t’ in eqn. (1), we get
d = 60t + 15
= 60 × [28 / 75] + 15 = [1680 / 75] + 15 = 22.4 + 15
= 37.4 km
Objective
Type Questions
11. Sum of a number and its half is 30
then the number is______.
(A)
15
(B)
20
(C)
25
(D)
40
[Answer: (B) 20]
Solution:
Let number be ‘x’
∴ half of number is x/2
Sum of number and it’s half is given by
x + x / 2 = 30 [Multiplying by 2 on both sides]
2x + x = 30 × 2
3x = 60
x = 60 / 3 = 20
12. The exterior angle of a triangle
is 120° and one of its interior opposite angle
58°, then the other opposite interior angle
is________.
(A)
62°
(B)
72°
(C)
78°
(D)
68°
[Answer: (A) 62°]
Solution:
As per property of Δ, exterior angle is equals to sum of
interior opposite angles
Let the other interior angle to be found be ‘x’
∴ x + 58 = 120°
∴ x = 120 − 58 = 62°
13. What sum of money will earn ₹500
as simple interest in 1 year at 5% per annum?
(A)
50000
(B)
30000
(C)
10000
(D)
5000
[Answer: (C) 10000]
Solution:
Let sum of money be ‘P’
Time period (n) is given as l yr.
Rate of simple interest (r) is given as 5% p.a
∴ As per formula for
simple interest.
S.I = [ P × r × n ] / 100 = [ P × 5 × 1] / 100 =
500
∴ P × 5 × 1 = 500 × 100
∴ P = [500 × 100] / 5 = 100 × 100 = 10,000
14. The product of LCM and HCF of two
numbers is 24. If one of the number is 6, then the other number is ________.
(A)
6
(B)
2
(C)
4
(D)
8
[Answer: (D) 4]
Solution:
Product of LCM & HCF of 2 numbers is always product of the
numbers, [this is property]
Product of LCM & HCF is given as 24
∴ Product of the 2 nos. is
24
Given one number is 6. Let other number be ‘x’
∴ 6 × x = 24
∴ x = 24 / 6 = 4
15. The largest number of the three consecutive
numbers is x+1, then the smallest number
is
(A) x
(B) x+1
(C) x+2
(D) x–1
[Answer: (D) x − l]
Solution:
The 3 consecutive numbers are: x − 1, x, x
+ 1
Answer:
Exercise 3.7
1. (i). x = − b/a (ii) Positive (iii) x
= 30 (iv) 40° (v) b=9
2. (i) True a (ii) False
(iii) False
3. 3, 21
4. 27
5. l = 8 cm, b = 24 cm
6. (80,10) notes
7. Murali’s is 15 years
old, Thenmozhi’s age is 20 years old
8. 63
9. 13/21
10. 37.4km
11. (B) 20
12. (A) 62°
13. (C) 10000
14. (C) 4
15. (D) (x–1)
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