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Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Class Physics sciense Higher secondary school College Notes

Co-efficient of viscosity

Co-efficient of viscosity
Viscosity is the property of the fluid by virtue of which it opposes relative motion between its different layers. Both liquids and gases exhibit viscosity but liquids are much more viscous than gases.

Viscosity

 

Let us pour equal amounts of water and castor oil in two identical funnels. It is observed that water flows out of the funnel very quickly whereas the flow of castor oil is very slow. This is because of the frictional force acting within the liquid. This force offered by the adjacent liquid layers is known as viscous force and the phenomenon is called viscosity.

Viscosity is the property of the fluid by virtue of which it opposes relative motion between its different layers. Both liquids and gases exhibit viscosity but liquids are much more viscous than gases.

 

Co-efficient of viscosity

Consider a liquid to flow steadily through a pipe as shown in the Fig. The layers of the liquid which are in contact with the walls of the pipe have zero velocity. As we move towards the axis, the velocity of the liquid layer increases and the centre layer has the maximum velocity v. Consider any two layers P and Q separated by a distance dx. Let dv be the difference in velocity between the two layers.

The viscous force F acting tangentially between the two layers of the liquid is proportional to (i) area A of the layers in contact

(ii) velocity gradient dv/dx perpendicular to the flow of liquid.

F α A dv/dx

F = η A dv/dx

where η is the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid.

This is known as Newton's law of viscous flow in fluids.

If A = 1m2 and dv/dx = 1s-1

then F= η

The coefficient of viscosity of a liquid is numerically equal to the viscous force acting tangentially between two layers of liquid having unit area of contact and unit velocity gradient normal to the direction of flow of liquid.

The unit of η is N s m-2. Its dimensional formula is ML-1T-1.


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11th 12th std standard Class Physics sciense Higher secondary school College Notes : Co-efficient of viscosity |


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