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Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Class Physics sciense Higher secondary school College Notes

Laue experiment

Laue experiment
Von Laue, in 1913, suggested that a crystal can act as a three dimensional grating for an X-ray beam.

Laue experiment

 

Von Laue, in 1913, suggested that a crystal can act as a three dimensional grating for an X-ray beam. The experimental arrangement used to produce diffraction in X-rays by Laue is shown in Fig (a). X-rays from the X-ray tube is collimated into a fine beam by two slits S1 and S2. The beam is now allowed to pass through a zinc sulphide (ZnS) crystal. The emergent rays are made to fall on a photographic plate P. The diffraction patten so obtained consists of a central spot at O and a series of spots arranged in a definite pattern about O as shown in Fig 6.17b. The central spot is due to the direct beam, whereas the regularly arranged spots are due to the diffraction pattern from the atoms of the various crystal planes. These spots are known as Laue spots. The Laue experiment has established following two important facts :

(i)         X-rays are electro magnetic waves of extremely short wave length.

(ii) The atoms in a crystal are arranged in a regular three dimensional lattice.


X-rays

 

A German scientist, Wilhelm Roentgen, in 1895, discovered X-rays when he was studying the phenomenon of discharge of electricity through gases.

 

After performing a series of experiments, Roentgen concluded that when a beam of fast moving electrons strike a solid target, an invisible penetrating radiation is produced. Due to the unknown nature of the radiation, Roentgen called these radiations as X - rays.

 

X-rays are electromagnetic waves of short wavelength in the range of 0.5 Å to 10 Å. Roentgen was awarded Nobel prize in 1901 for the discovery of X-rays.

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