Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism

The thyroid is a butterfly -shaped endocrine gland located in the lower front of the neck, below the larynx (the voice box). The main hormone secreted by the thyroid is Thyroxin, (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3).

Definition

Inadequate secretion for thyroid hormone during fetal and neonatal development, resulting in retardation of growth and mental development in children and adults.

Causes of hypothyroidism

•               Iodine deficiency

•               Lithium therapy

•               Autoimmune disease

•               Surgical removal of the thyroid

•               Radiation treatment

•               Overdose of anti-thyroid drugs

Signs and Symptoms

•               Body's functions to slow down, leading to dry skin, fatigue, loss of energy, and memory problems.

•               Thinly hair

•               menorrhagia.

Diagnosis

Blood test for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) T3 and T4.

•               Elevated TSH level

•               elevation of cholesterol level

•               Electro cardio gram (ECG)

Management Medical

•               Replacement of thyroid hormone

Side effects of thyroid harmone

•               Headache.

•               Shaking and trembling of arms and feet.

•               Nausea and Vomiting.

•               Diarrhea.

•               Abdominal cramps.

•               Nervousness and irritability.

•               Sleeplessness.

•               Excessive sweating.

Foods to be avoided

Foods that contain gluten: Bread, pasta, cereals, beer, etc.

•               Soya and it’s products Tofu and soya milk.

•               Cruciferous vegetables: Broccoli, kale, spinach, cabbage, etc.

•               Certain fruits: Peaches, pears and strawberries.

Effects of exercise

•               Maintain a healthy weight.

•               Decrease joint pain.

•               Relieve depression.

•               Boost energy.

•               Increase muscle mass.

Prevention

•   Taking iodized salt and iodine supplements

Complications

•               Goiter.

•               Heart problems.

•               Peripheral neuropathy.

•               Myxedema.

•               Infertility and Birth defects.

•               Hypotension

•               Bradycaudia

•               Convulsions

•               Hypothermia