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Definition, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, management - Bronchial Asthma | 12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases

Chapter: 12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases

Bronchial Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by reversible air flow obstruction.

Bronchial Asthma

Asthma is a chronic disease involving the airways in the lungs. These airways, or bronchial tubes, allow air to come in and out of the lungs.

 

Definition

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by reversible air flow obstruction. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.

 

Causes

               Airborne substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste

               Respiratory infections, like common cold

               Physical activity

               Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke

               Medications, like aspirin, ibubrufen

               Strong emotions and stress

               Preservatives added to some foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruits, processed potatoes, beer and wine

               Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acids back up into the throat

               Drugs/food allergies.

 

Signs and Symptoms

               Shortness of breath

               Chest tightness or pain

               Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath

               coughing

               wheezing

               Difficult in breathing(dyspnea)

               A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling (wheezing is a common sign of asthma in children)

               Coughing or wheezing attacks

Types

               Exercise-induced asthma

               Occupational asthma

               Allergy-induced asthma

               Extrinsic Asthma

               Intrinsic Asthma

Asthma triggers


 

Diagnosis

Tests to measure lung function

               Spirometry. This test estimates the narrowing of your bronchial tubes

               Peak flow. A peak flow meter is a simple device that measures how hard you can breathe out.

               Skin testing to identify causative allergens

               X-ray chest

Medical management

               Antibiotics

               Immunotherapy

               Corticosteroids.

               Bronchodialators

Nursing management

               Assess the airway of the patient

               Assess the skin turgor for dehydration

               Patient room should be free of respiratory irritants

 

Lifestyle and home remedies

Avoid triggers

               Maintain optimal humidity.

               Reduce pet dander.

               Change the bed linen once in a week.

               Cover the nose and mouth during cold season.

Stay healthy

               Exercise regularly.

               Maintain a healthy weight.

               Control heartburn and Gastro Esophageal Reflux disease (GERD).

Alternative medicine

               Breathing exercises.

               Herbal and natural remedies includes black cumin seeds.

Prevention

               Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia.

               Avoid asthma triggers

 

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12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases : Bronchial Asthma | Definition, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, management

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12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases


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