Congestive Cardiac failure

Congestive Cardiac failure

Heart failure, sometimes known as congestive heart failure, occurs when the heart muscle doesn't pump blood. In certain conditions, such as narrowed arteries in the heart (coronary artery disease) or high blood pressure, gradually the heart become too weak and failed to pump efficiently.

Definition

Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF) Cardiac failure often referred to as congestive heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the need of the tissues for oxygen and nutrients.

The term congestive heart failure is most commonly used when reopening to left sided and right sided failure.

Common types

Left-sided CHF is the most common type of CHF. It occurs when the left ventricle doesn’t properly pump blood out to the body.

There are two kinds of left-sided heart failure:

Left-sided heart failure

·               Systolic heart failure occurs when the left ventricle fails to contract normally.

·               Diastolic failure, or diastolic dysfunction, happens when the muscle in the left ventricle becomes stiff.

Right-sided CHF occurs when the right ventricle has difficulty pumping blood to the lungs. Blood backs up in the blood vessels, which causes fluid retention in the lower extremities, abdomen, and other vital organs.

Causes

·              Cardiac muscle disorder

·              Coronary atherosclerosis

·              Systemic or pulmonary hypertension

·              Systemic factors

·              Degenerative diseases of the myocardium

·              Stenosis of a semilunar valve.

·              Hemorrhage

·              Anemia

Risk factors

·              Hypertension and diabetes

·              Alcohol and smoking

·              Use of cardio toxic

·              Cocaine abuse drugs

Signs and Symptoms

·              Pulmonary edema

·              Dyspnea

·              Cough

·              Shortness of breath

·              Congested lungs

·              Sodium and Fluid retention

·              Low perfusion

·              Dizziness

·              Fatigue and weakness

·               Rapid or irregular heart beats

·              Oliguria

·              Nacturia

Diagnosis

·              Echocardiography.

·              ECG

·              X-ray chest

·              Blood test

·              Cardiac catheterization

·              Arterial Blood Gas analysis (ABG)

Management

·              Pharmacologic therapies include the use of diuretics, vasodilators, inotropic agents, anticoagulants, beta-blockers.

·              Invasive therapies for heart failure include electro physiologic intervention

·              Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)

·              Pacemakers

·              Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs); revascularization procedures

Nursing management

·              Provide comfortable bed

·              Oxygen administration

·              Start Intra Venous (IV) line

·              Vital signs

Diet therapy

·              Restricted sodium

·               Restricted fluids

Complications

·              Intractable heart failure

·              Cardiac arrhythmias

·              Myocardial failure

·              Cardiac arrest

·              Pulmonary infraction

·              Pneumonia

Prevention

Lifestyle changes can help to prevent heart failure include:

·              No smoking

·              Controlling certain conditions, such as high blood pressure and diabetes

·              Staying physically active

·              Eating healthy foods

·              Maintaining a healthy weight

·               Reducing and managing stress