Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Prostrate is a gland about the size of a walnut and is present
only in males. It lies below the urinary bladder and surrounds the urethra. The
prostate secrete a fluid that helps to nourish sperm as part of the semen
(ejaculatory fluid). It is a noncancerous enlargement or hypertrophy of the
prostate.
A benign (not cancer) condition in which an over growth of prostane
tissue pushes against the urethra and bladder, blocking the flow of urine.
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Aging occurs after 50- 80 years.
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Family history
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Obesity
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Diabetes
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Heart diseases.
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Diabetes and heart diseases and use of beta blockers
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Obesity
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Ethnicity Black men may get symptoms at a younger age.
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Hormonal changes androgen/estrogen imbalance
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Neoplastic theory is of all the elements of prostoke
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Frequency
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Hesitancy, urgency, weak stream and straining to pass urine
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Nocturia
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Acute retention of urine
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Chronic retention of urine
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Dribbling or leaking during urination after urination
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History collection
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Physical examination -digital rectal exam to check the size and
shape of the prostate.
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Urine culture and sensitivity to rule out infection
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Uroflowmetry: Urine flow test to measure the urine stream.
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Measurement of post voidal residual volume
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PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test. High PSA levels are a
sign of a large prostate.
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Ultra Sonogram
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Biopsy to rule out cancer.
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Cystocopy as part of treatment.
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Alpha blockers- relax the muscles of the prostate and neck of the
bladder.
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5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors (5-ARIs)-shrinks the prostate and
prevents additional growth.
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Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors (PDE5 inhibitors) - relieves the
symptoms and increases the flow rate of urine
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Transvesical suprapubic Prostatectomy
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Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
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Retropubic prostatectomy.
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Ensure patient voids at regular intervals
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Provide warm environment as cold worsens the symptoms
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Exercise to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles
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Reduce the intake of fluids in the night before going to bed
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Avoid caffeine and alcohol
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Urinary tract infection(UTI)
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Renal stone
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Bladder outlet obstruction
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Renal failure.
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