Home | | Nursing General 12th Std | Diabetes Mellitus

Definition, Types, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, management - Diabetes Mellitus | 12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases

Chapter: 12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases

Diabetes Mellitus

The term Diabetic mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects of insulin secretion, insulin action or both.

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by inherited and /or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the increased insulin resistance such a deficiency results in increased concentrations of glucose in the blood, which in turn damage many of the body's systems, in particular the blood vessels and nerves.

 

Definition

The term Diabetic mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects of insulin secretion, insulin action or both.

 

Types

               Type 1

               Type 2

               Prediabetes

               Gestational diabetes

Type 1 diabetes/Insulin dependent/ Diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as Juvenile diabetes Mellitus. It results from destruction of pancreatic β cells which produce insulin leading to absolute insulin deficiency.

Etiology

               Viral

               Autoimmune

               Environmental factors.

Type 2 diabetes/Non-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM)

Most common form of diabetes. Body produces insulin, but do not use it properly, glucose doesn’t move into cells, they pile up in the bloodstream.

Risk factors

               Genetic

               Autoimmune

               Stress

               Environmental factors

               Obesity

Prediabetes

Slight elevation of blood glucose levels, regarded as indication that the person is at risk of progressing to Type 2 diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

is defined as carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy.

Risk factors

               Polycystic ovary syndrome

               women under age 25

               Hydraminos

 

Causes

               Family history of diabetes

               Overweight prior to pregnancy

 

Signs and Symptoms

               Hyperglycemia - Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia

               Weight loss

               Fatigue

               Blurred vision

               Poor wound healing

               Recurrent infection

 

Diagnosis

Urine analysis

               Glucose

               Ketone

               Microalbuminuria

Blood chemistry

               Blood glucose estimation, fasting and random blood sugar

               Oral Glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

               Check HbA1c (GLYCOSYLATED HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL)

 

Management

Type 1

               Maintain and control sugar level

               Insulin therapy

               Healthy life style – exercise and diet.

               Islet transplantation

               Oral Antidiabetic agents

               Lipid control

               DIET

               Meal plan for Caloric restriction

               Weight reduction

               EXERCISE: Regularly scheduled, moderate exercise performed 30 to 60 minutes/day.

               Islet transplation

Type 2

               Maintain a healthy lifestyle

               Oral hypoglycemic agent and injection insulin if needed

               Dietary management and exercise

Gestational diabetes

               Insulin

               Physical activity

               Diet

               Plan Increase fiber intake

 

Nursing management

               Monitoring blood glucose.

               Administering antidiabetics/insulin.

               Foot care.

               Monitoring for hyper/hypoglycemia.

               Offering snacks at bedtime if permitted.

               Lifestyle management

Prevention


 

Complications of uncontrolled diabetes


               Hypoglycemia

               Macroangiopathy

               Peripheral Neuropathy

               Micro angiopathy

               Autonomic Neuropathy

               Diabetic Keto acidosis (DKA)

 

Tags : Definition, Types, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, management , 12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases
Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail
12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases : Diabetes Mellitus | Definition, Types, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, management

Related Topics

12th Nursing : Chapter 2 : Medical Surgical and Applied Nursing Management Psychology of Human Diseases


Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant

Copyright © 2018-2023 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.