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Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Class Organic Inorganic Physical Chemistry Higher secondary school College Notes

Variation Of Equivalent Conductance With Concentration

The effect of concentration on equivalent conductance can be studied from the plots of λC values versus square root of concentration of the electrolyte. By doing so, it has been found that different types of plots are obtained depending on the nature of electrolyte.


 

VARIATION OF EQUIVALENT CONDUCTANCE WITH CONCENTRATION

 

The effect of concentration on equivalent conductance can be studied from the plots of λC values versus square root of concentration of the electrolyte. By doing so, it has been found that different types of plots are obtained depending on the nature of electrolyte. For strong electrolytes lC decreases linearly with increase in sq.root C while for weak electrolytes, there is a curve type of non linear decrease of lC with sq.root C .

For strong electrolytes Debye, Huckel and Onsager equation can be applied.

 

λC = λ¥ - (A + B λ¥ ) sq-rt C to the  linear plot of lC versus sq.rt (C ) for strong electrolytes, the intercept value equals to λ¥ value which is obtained by extrapolating the line to 'y' axis ( C = 0). The slope value equals to (A + B λ¥). A and B are called as Debye constants for strong electrolytes.


In case of weak electrolytes, degree of dissociation (a) increases when concentration decreases. Hence, (1 - a) value tends to zero at infinite dilution, such that λC increases and tends to λ¥ value.

 

λ¥ of weak electrolytes are experimentally obtained by extrapolating the upper arm of the curve to the Y axis and the intercept value corresponds to λ¥. In the intermediate concentration range, λC is lower than λ¥ since the weak electrolyte exists in partially ionised state. The degree of dissociation a equals to the ratio of λC to λ¥ value. (i.e., a = λC / λ¥).



 

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11th 12th std standard Class Organic Inorganic Physical Chemistry Higher secondary school College Notes : Variation Of Equivalent Conductance With Concentration |


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