Home | | Maths 12th Std | Summary

Ordinary Differential Equations | Mathematics - Summary | 12th Maths : UNIT 10 : Ordinary Differential Equations

Chapter: 12th Maths : UNIT 10 : Ordinary Differential Equations

Summary

Maths : Ordinary Differential Equations: Summary

SUMMARY

1. A differential equation is any equation which contains at least one derivative of an unknown function, either ordinary derivative or partial derivative.

2. The order of a differential equation is the highest derivative present in the differential equation.

3. If a differential equation is expressible in a polynomial form, then the integral power of the highest order derivative appears is called the degree of the differential equation

4. If a differential equation is not expressible to polynomial equation form having the highest order derivative as the leading term then that the degree of the differential equation is not defined.

5. If a differential equation contains only ordinary derivatives of one or more functions with respect to a single independent variable, it is said to be an ordinary differential equation (ODE).

6. An equation involving only partial derivatives of one or more functions of two or more independent variables is called a partial differential equation (PDE).

7. The result of eliminating one arbitrary constant yields a first order differential equation and that of eliminating two arbitrary constants leads to a second order differential equation and so on.

8. A solution of a differential equation is an expression for the dependent variable in terms of the independent variable(s) which satisfies the differential equation.

9. The solution which contains as many arbitrary constants as the order of the differential equation is called the general solution

10. If we give particular values to the arbitrary constants in the general solution of differential equation, the resulting solution is called a Particular Solution.

11. An equation of the form f1 ( x)g1 ( y)dx + f 2 ( x)g 2 ( y)dy = 0 is called an equation with variable separable or simply a separable equation.

12. A function f ( x, y) is said to be a homogeneous function of degree n in the variables x and y if, f (tx , ty ) = t n f ( x, y) for some n for all suitably restricted x , y and t . This is known as Euler’s homogeneity.

13. If f ( x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree zero, then there exists a function g such that f ( x, y) is always expressed in the form g(y/x).

14. An ordinary differential equation is said to be in homogeneous form, if the differential equation is written as dy/dx  = g (y/x).

15. The differential equation M ( x, y)dx + N( x, y)dy = 0 [in differential form] is said to be homogeneous if M and N are homogeneous functions of the same degree.

16. A first order differential equation of the form


where P and Q are functions of x only. Here no product of y and its derivative dy/dx occurs and the dependent variable y and its derivative with respect to independent variable x occur only in the first degree.

The solution of the given differential equation (1) is given by ye∫Pdx = ∫ Qe∫Pdxdx + C .

Here ePdx is known as the integrating factor (I.F.)

17. A first order differential equation of the form dx/dy + Px = Q , where P and Q are functions of y only. Here no product of x and its derivative dx/dy occurs and the dependent variable x and its derivative with respect to independent variable y occur only in the firstdegree.In this case, the solution is given by xe Pdy = Qe Pdy dy + C .

18. If x denotes the amount of the quantity present at time t , then the instantaneous rate at which the quantity changes at time t is dx/dt.

This leads to a differential equation of the form dx/dt = f(x,t)

Tags : Ordinary Differential Equations | Mathematics , 12th Maths : UNIT 10 : Ordinary Differential Equations
Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail
12th Maths : UNIT 10 : Ordinary Differential Equations : Summary | Ordinary Differential Equations | Mathematics

Related Topics

12th Maths : UNIT 10 : Ordinary Differential Equations


Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant

Copyright © 2018-2024 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.