Equivalent Circuit of Transformer

Equivalent Circuit

The electrical circuit for any electrical engineering device can be drawn if the equations describing its behavior are known. The equivalent circuit for electromagnetic device is a combination of resistances, inductances, capacitances, voltages etc. In the equivalent circuit, (R1+jX1) and (R2+jX2) are the leakage impedances of the primary and secondary windings respectively. The primary current I1 consists of two components.One component, I1´ is the load component and the second is no-load current Io which is composed of Ic and Im. The current Ic is in phase with E1 and the product of these two gives core loss. Ro represents the core loss and is called core-loss resistance. The current Im is represented by a reactance X_o and is called magnetizing reactance. The transformer magnetization curve is assumed linear, since the effect of higher order harmonics can’t be represented in the equivalent circuit.

In transformer analysis, it is usual to transfer the secondary quantities to primary side or primary quantities to secondary side.