An ideal
Transformer
An ideal
transformer. The secondary current arises from the action of the secondary EMF
on the (not shown) load impedance.The transformer is based on two principles:
first, that an electric current can
produce a magnetic field (electromagnetism) and second that a changing
magnetic field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the
coil (electromagnetic
induction). Changing the current in the primary coil changes the magnetic flux
that is developed. The changing magnetic flux induces a voltage in the
secondary coil.
An ideal
transformer is shown in the adjacent figure. Current passing through the
primary coil creates a magnetic field. The primary and secondary coils
are wrapped around a core of very
high magnetic, such as iron, so that
most of the magnetic flux passes through both the primary and secondary coils.
If a load is connected to the secondary winding, the load current and voltage
will be in the directions indicated, given the primary current and voltage in
the directions indicated (each will be alternating current in
practice).
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