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Chapter: Design of Electrical Machines : Transformers

Volt / turn equation - Design of Transformers

The term φm is called the magnetic loading and I1T1 is called the electric loading.

Volt / turn equation

 

Rating of the transformer per phase kVA / ph = V1I1 x 10-3 = E1I1 x 10-3

 = 4.44 φm f T1 I1 x 10-3

The term φm is called the magnetic loading and I1T1 is called the electric loading. The required kVA can be obtained by selecting a higher value of φm and a lesser of I1T1 or vice-versa.

 As the magnetic loading increases, flux density and hence the core loss increases and the

efficiency of operation decreases. Similarly as the electric loading increases, number of turns, resistance and hence the copper loss increases. This leads to reduced efficiency of operation. It is clear that there is no advantage by the selection of higher values of I1T1 or φm. For an economical design they must be selected in certain proportion. Thus in practice


Where K = 4.44 f x 103 x Kt  is another constant and kVA is the rated output of the transformer. The constant K depends on the type of transformer-single or three phase, core or shell type, power or distribution type, type of factory organization etc.,

 

Emperical values of K :

 ( 1.0 to 1.2) for single phase shell type

 1.3 for three-phase shell type (power)

 (0.75 to 0.85) for single phase core type

 (0.6 to 0.7) for three phase core type (power)

 0.45 for three-phase core type (distribution)

 

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