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Chapter: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology : The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors

Hormonal Contraception

A large number of oral contraceptives containing estrogens or progestins (or both) are now available for clinical use (Table 40–3).

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION (ORAL, PARENTERAL, & IMPLANTED CONTRACEPTIVES)

A large number of oral contraceptives containing estrogens or progestins (or both) are now available for clinical use (Table 40–3). These preparations vary chemically and pharmacologically and have many properties in common as well as definite differences important for the correct selection of the optimum agent.

Two types of preparations are used for oral contraception:

combinations of estrogens and progestins and (2) continuous progestin therapy without concomitant administration of estro-gens. The combination agents are further divided into monophasic forms (constant dosage of both components during the cycle) and biphasic or triphasic forms (dosage of one or both components ischanged once or twice during the cycle). The preparations for oral use are all adequately absorbed, and in combination prepara-tions the pharmacokinetics of neither drug is significantly altered by the other.

Only one implantable contraceptive preparation is available at present in the USA. Etonogestrel, also used in some oral contra-ceptives, is available in the subcutaneous implant form listed in Table 40–3. Several hormonal contraceptives are available as vaginal rings or intrauterine devices. Intramuscular injection of large doses of medroxyprogesterone also provides contraception of long duration.




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Basic & Clinical Pharmacology : The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors : Hormonal Contraception |


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