Prevention Of Communicable Diseases
PRIMORDIAL – PREVENTION : It is a new concept, receiving special
attention in the prevention of chronic diseases. This is primary prevention in
its purest sense, that is prevention of the emergence or development of risk
factors in countries or population. An groups in which they have not yet
appeared eg many adult health problems.
·
Increasing the
resistance of the host
·
Inactivating the agent
·
Interrupt the chain of
infection
·
Restricting spread of
infection
·
Health education
·
Specific protection (eg)
Immunization, Chemoprophylaxis.
·
Activities targeted at
detecting disease at earliest possible. Examples case finding, health
screening, health education
·
Limits the progression
of disability
·
Treatment of symptoms
and rehabilitation vary with each specific disease
Surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis and
interpretation of data in order to plan, implement and evaluate public health
intervention.
An outbreak is occurrence of a number of cases of a disease that
is unusually large or unexpected for a given place and time. Early detection
and control of the disease is advisable.
·
Preparation
·
Detection
·
Response
·
Evaluation
·
Health coordination
meetings
·
Strong surveillance
system
·
Outbreak response plan
for each disease
·
Stocks of IV fluids,
antibiotics and vaccines
·
Plans for isolation
wards
·
Laboratory support
·
Surveillance system with
early warning system for epidemic prone diseases.
·
Inform ministry of
health and WHO in case of outbreaks of specific diseases.
·
Take appropriate
specimens (stool, CSF or serum) for laboratory confirmation.
·
Include cases in the
weekly reports
·
Assess appropriateness
and effectiveness of containment measures.
·
Assess timelines of
outbreak detection and response.
·
Change public health
policy if indicated.
·
Write and disseminate
outbreak report
·
Global Disease
Eradication Efforts
Methods to accomplish the goal of eradication of diseases include:
·
immunization and
vaccination
·
drug therapy
·
community training
·
health education
·
national disease
surveillance efforts
Community health nurses play an important role with regard to all
population at risk for communicable disease
Nurses concerned with communicable disease control must
·
Recognize vulnerable
area.
·
Locate the reservoirs
and source of infectious disease agents
·
Identify the
environmental factors which promote the spread of communicable disease.
·
Identify characteristic
of vulnerability of community member and groups-particularly those subject to
intervention
·
Community health nurses
must work collaboratively with other public health professional. Organize
immunization and educational programs, to improve community infection control
policies.
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