Diseases Transmitted Through Air
Measles
Measles is an acute highly infectious disease of childhood caused
by a specific virus of the group Myxo viruses.
RNA Para Myxo viruses
Mode of transmission - Droplet infection
Incubation period - 10 days from exposure to onset of fever
and 14 days to appearance of rash. Average 7 days.
There are three stages
·
Fever
·
Coryza
·
Sneezing
·
Nasal discharge
·
Cough
·
Redness of Eyes
·
Lacrimation
·
Photophobia
·
Vomiting
·
Diarrhea
·
Koplik”S Spots on A Red
Base
·
Duskyred
·
Macular
·
Maculo-papular rash
·
Rashes become
confluent,blotchy
·
Weight loss
·
Weakness
· Growth retardation
·
Reactivation of
Pulmonary tuberculosis
·
Nutritional and
metabolic effects
·
Measles – associated
diarrhea,
·
Pneumonia
·
Otitis media.
·
Febrile convulsions,
·
Encephalitis
·
Pan-encephalitis.
·
Isolation for 7 days
after the onset of rash.
· Immunization of contacts within 2 days of
exposure. (if vaccine is contra indicated immunoglobulin should be given within
3 – 4 days of exposure)
·
Prompt immunization at
the beginning of an endemic is essential to limit the spread.
There is no specific treatment for measles, but the condition
usually improves within 7 to 10 days. Following measures are important to
control infection.
·
Controlling fever and
relieving pain
·
Plenty of fluids to
prevent dehydration
·
Treating cold like
symptoms
·
Care of the sore eyes -
cleaning the crusts with wet cotton swabs.
Measles vaccine: Measles is best prevented by active
immunization. The vaccine is presented as a freeze dried product. It is most
important to store the vaccine at 2 – 8 degree celsius.
The most effective month of immunization by World Health
Organization is at 9 months of age.
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