Home | | Chemistry 12th Std | Structure of carbonyl group

Chapter: 12th Chemistry : UNIT 12 : Carbonyl Compounds and Carboxylic Acids

Structure of carbonyl group

The carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridised and the carbon – oxygen bond is similar to carbon – carbon double bond in alkenes.

Structure of carbonyl group

The carbonyl carbon


is sp2 hybridised and the carbon – oxygen bond is similar to carbon – carbon double bond in alkenes. The carbonyl carbon forms three σ bonds using their three sp2 hybridised orbital. One of the sigma bond is formed with oxygen and the other two with hydrogen and carbon (in aldehydes) or with two carbons (in ketones). All the three 'σ' bonded atoms are lying on the same plane as shown in the fig (12.1). The fourth valence electron of carbon remains in its unhybridised ‘2p’ orbital which lies perpendicular to the plane and it overlaps with 2p orbital of oxygen to form a carbon – oxygen p bond. The oxygen atom has two nonbonding pairs of electrons, which occupy its remaining two p-orbitals. Oxygen, the second most electro negative atom attracts the shaired pair of electron between the carbon and oxygen towards itself and hence the bond is polar. This polarisation contributes to the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones.


Fig 12.1 structure of carbonyl group


Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail
12th Chemistry : UNIT 12 : Carbonyl Compounds and Carboxylic Acids : Structure of carbonyl group |


Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant

Copyright © 2018-2023 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.