Answer the following questions

Plant Morphology and Taxonomy of Angiosperm

Vegetative Morphology 

6. Why lateral roots are endogenous?

Lateral roots arises from the pericycle , part Eg. Inner part - so it is known as endogenous in origin.

7. Write the similarities and differences between

i. Avicennia and Trapa

ii. Radical buds and foliar buds

iii. Phylloclade and cladode

I 

Avicennia

• Live in marshy leaves

• Has negatively geotrophic root known as respiratory roots-with pneumatophores help in exchange of gases

Trapa (water chest nut)

• Live in aquatic habitat

• Has photosynthetic or assimulatory roots - help in photosynthesis.

II 

Banyan

• Has pillar roots- grow vertically downward from the lateral branches to soil -to give additional support.

Silk cotton

• Has broad plant like out growths develop obliquely towards the base all around the trunk - to give support.

III 

Fusiform

• Roots swollen in the middle and tapering towards both ends (like a spindle shaped

• Eg.Raphanus sativus

Napiform

• Roots broad and suddenly tapers like a tall at the apex (top-shaped)

• Eg.Beta vulgaris

8. How root climbers differ from stem climbers?

Root Climbers

• Climb with the help of adventitious root( arise from node)

• Eg: Piperbetal, piper nigrum

Stem Climbers

• No special climbing structures - stem it self coils around the support

• Eg: Ipomoeaellittoria

9. Compare sympodial branching with monopodial branching.

Sympodial

• Determinate - growth

• Terminal bud ceases -to grow-and further growth by lateral buds- Eg.Cycas .

Monopodial

• Indeterminate growth

• Terminal bud - grows uninterrupted and produce several lateral branches - Eg.Polyalthia

10. Differentiate pinnate unicostate with palmate multicostate venation

Pinnately reticulate (unicoastate)

One mid rib in the centre with many lateral branches

Eg: Mangifera indica

Palmately reticulate (multicoastate)

Several veins arise from the help of peticole & run parallel & unite at the apex - 2 types -

Divergent Eg: Borassussflabellifereg,

Covergant Eg. Puddy