Shrimps and Prawns
The popular names shrimps and prawns have been used variously to denote
crustaceans of the families Penaeidae and Palaemonidae. Even though there is
still some confusion in the use of these names, in most recent aquaculture
literature the name prawn appears to be used for fresh-water forms of
Palaemonids and shrimp for the others, particularly the marine species.
Shrimps form a group of subsidiary species in most types of fish culture
in coastal impound-ments and ponds in Asia; and in countries like India, rice
fields have been used for a form of extensive culture of shrimps for centuries. However, intensive and
semi-intensive culture of these crustaceans are of recent origin. Like the
marine finfish referred to in earlier sections, interest in their culture,
particularly of shrimps, was triggered by the recent increased market demand
and the inad-equacy of the capture fishery landings to meet the demand. As the
expanding markets were in economically advanced countries like Japan and the
USA, the prospects of an export market and opportunities for earning foreign
exchange attracted the support of the governments of developing countries and
led to investment by private industry. In fact, shrimps and prawns became
high-value commodities in many developing countries, mainly because of their
export market. There is as much interest in private investment in shrimp
farming in tropical countries today as there is for salmon farming in countries
in the colder climates, for the very reason of prospects associated with
exports.
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