Chapter: 11th 12th std standard Home Science Maintain Basic Knowledge for family life Higher secondary school College

Mineral :Calcium, iron, Iodine - Source and Functions in Human Nutrients

Calcium makes up between 1.5-2% of body weight. Almost 99% of this calcium is found in the hard tissues of the body, namely the bones and teeth.

MINERALS

1. CALCIUM

Calcium makes up between 1.5-2% of body weight. Almost 99% of this calcium is found in the hard tissues of the body, namely the bones and teeth.

Functions

It is essential for the formation of bones and teeth.

It is essential for clotting of blood.

It regulates the permeability of capillary walls.

It is essential for the contraction of heart and muscle.

It regulates the excitability of nerve fibres and nerve centres.

It acts as an activator for the enzymes present in the gastric juice.

Food stuffs Calcium (mg/100g)

Rich sources

Milk powder, sesame seeds with 1.20-1.45

husk and small dried fish

Good sources

Ragi, milk and green leafy

vegetables and small fish eaten

with bone 0.10-0.33

2. PHOSPHORUS

Phosphorus constitutes approximately 1% of the weight of the human body, Upto 90% of this is found within calcium phosphate crystals in the bones and teeth.

Functions

It is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth.

It is essential for carbohydrate metabolism.

It is a constituent of certain co-enzymes.

It is an essential constituent of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins which are integral parts of the cell nuclei.

Sources of Phosphorus

Food stuffs Phosphorus (g/100g)

Cereals, Millets, Pulses, nuts

and Oilseeds 0.20 - 0.65

Dried fish 1.2 - 1.3

Milk powder 0.76 - 0.82

Meat, fish and eggs 0.31 - 0.41

Milk 0.09 - 0.11

3. IRON

Most of the iron in the body is found in the blood, but some is present in every cell bound to iron containing enzymes.

Functions

It is required for the transport and storage of oxygen in cells & tissues.

It acts as co-factors of enzymes and other proteins.

It is required for the formation of red blood cells.

Sources of iron

Food stuffs Iron (mg/l00g)

Rich sources

Sesame seeds, jaggery and

green leafy vegetables. 10-20

Good sources

Cereals and millets 3-8

Liver 7-9

Meat and egg 2-3

IODINE

Functions

Iodine is a constituent of thyroxine, the active principle of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland plays an important role in energy metabolism and in the growth of the body.

Sources

Iodine is present only in small amounts in common foods, the quantity of iodine present depending on the iodine content of the soil. Iodised salt and seafish are good sources of iodine.

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11th 12th std standard Home Science Maintain Basic Knowledge for family life Higher secondary school College : Mineral :Calcium, iron, Iodine - Source and Functions in Human Nutrients |