Fats - value and Functions in Human Nutrients

FATS

The term lipid or fat is applied to a group of naturally occurring substances characterised by their insolubility in water. The lipids present in the diet of animal and human body includes triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol.

Functions

Fats are a concentrated source of energy. One gram of fat provides 9 calories.

Fat is essential for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins like vitamin A, D, E and K.

Fats improve the palatability and gives a satiety value (ie) feeling of fullness in the stomach.

Fats are deposited in adipose tissue and thus serve as a reserve source of energy during starvation and illness.

They protect vital organs in the body by forming a lining on top.

They act as insulators against heat and cold.

They are the essential constituent of the membrane of every cell.

Phospholipids are present in the plasma in combination with proteins as lipoproteins which are involved in the transport of fat and cholesterol.

Phospholipids are present in large amounts in the nervous system and essential for its function.

Cholesterol serves as a precursor for the formation of bile acids.

FOOD                  FAT%

RICH SOURCES          

Pure oils and fats           100

Ghee and vanaspathi               100

Butter                   80-81

GOOD SOURCES                 

Nuts and oil seeds                   40-60

Milk powder, fullfat                26

Eggs            14

Meat and fish                 10-15

FAIR SOURCES         

Milk, cow's 4

Milk, buffalo        7

Pulses (whole)      3-5

Cereals and millets         2-3