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Chapter: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology : General Anesthetics

Inhaled Anesthetics

A clear distinction should be made between volatile and gaseous anesthetics, both of which are administered by inhalation.

INHALED ANESTHETICS

A clear distinction should be made between volatile and gaseous anesthetics, both of which are administered by inhalation. Volatile anesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflu-rane) have low vapor pressures and thus high boiling points so that they are liquids at room temperature (20oC) and sea-level ambient pressure, whereas gaseous anesthetics (nitrous oxide, xenon) have high vapor pressures and low boiling points such that they are in gas form at room temperature. Figure 25–2 shows the chemical structures of important, clinically used, inhaled anesthetics.




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