DECISION MAKING
Home management, a dynamic process involves decision making. Decision
making is the heart of Home management. It requires knowledge of essential
information, application of knowledge in life situation and the willingness to
know and to apply. So the role of decision making in management involves
knowing and actually applying essential information in problem situations of
day to day life.
Management is a mental process which involves a series of decision
-making. The steps in decision making are:
1.
Defining the problem
2.
Identifying the alternative solutions
3.
Analysing the alternatives
4.
Selecting an alternative
5.
Action in carrying out the plan and bearing
responsibility for the consequences.
Defining the Problem
It
involves the recognition of the problem. It needs relevant information to
identify and define it first. Unless the problem is clearly defined and
analysed the ultimate decision would not be effective. For e.g. Planning
household activities, purchasing labour saving devices, selecting clothing for
the family.
Identifying the Alternatives
Decision making will be effective only when one identifies possible
alternatives. The choice of best selection of alternatives requires thorough
knowledge about the availability of resources and their limitations.
Analysing the Alternatives
After identifying the alternatives, one should think of the consequences
of each alternative systematically to find out the relevant one, considering
the goals, values and standards.
Selecting an Alternative
After analysing the problem one should carefully
select from the possible alternatives. Evaluation plays a very important role
in this selection. Choosing the best from the several possible alternatives
will be helpful in solving the problem.
Accepting the Consequences of the Decision
This is the ability to assess and accept the consequences of the
decision for making future decision. It is the evaluational process. This
experience would indicate the final outcome of the decision making. It creates
self confidence in people to make effective decisions in the future.
Types of Decisions
There are different types of decisions namely individual decision, group
decision, habitual decision, central decision, economic decision, technical
decision and decision making due to experience and knowledge.
Individual Decision
It is the
decision pertaining to an individual e.g. education. Individual decisions are
more quickly made. The decision making of an individual revolves around the
values, goals, standards and roles the individual assures in the relevant set
of frame work.
Group Decision
It is made from the collective action of several individuals each of
whom has distinct values, goals, standards and role perception. It is a
difficult process and a slow process. Role conflicts would emerge in this
situation.
Habitual Decision
It is the lowest level of decision. Once an individual is trained to do
systematic work, he will follow that throughout his life. They are routine,
repetitive actions related to daily activities. Once it becomes a habitual
choice, the resultant action is quick and spontaneous.
Central Decision
Central decision has many supporting decisions to complete the whole
task e.g. purchasing a house is a central decision. This leads to look out for
other supporting decisions like transportation facilities, community
facilities, savings etc.
Economic Decision
It is based on allocation and exchange process relating to resource use.
This decision needs the allocation of human and non human resources to attain a
goal. It reveals the allocation of resources among the combination of goals
that will bring about the greatest degree of satisfaction.
Technical Decision
This
decision involves a decision, which will .enable the best combination of
resources to achieve the stated goal.
Decision Making Based on Experience and
Knowledge
There are certain decisions made in day to day
living which are purely based on past experiences and knowledge. This helps a
person to become more efficient and skilled in decision making process.
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