FAILURE OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS
Failure of bolted connection can
be classified broadly in to two:
(1) failure of the bolt and
(2) failure o f connecting parts.
Bolte d joints may fail in any
of the following six ways
•
Shear failur e of bolts.
•
Bearing fail ure of bolts.
•
Bearing fail ure of plates
•
Tension fail ure of bolts.
•
Tension or t earing failur e of plates.
•
Block shear failure.
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
Bolt
is a metal pin with a head at one end and a shank threaded at other end to
receive a nut, as shown in Figure 6. Steel washers are usually provided under
the bolt head and nuts to prevent the treaded portion of the bolt from bearing
on the connecting pieces and to distribute the clamping pressure on the bolted
member.
A bolt connection can
be used for end connections in tension and compression members. They can also
hold down column bases in position and as separator for purlins and beams in
foundations. Bolts are having the following advantages over rivets and pins:
(a) the erection of the structures can be speeded up. (b) Less skilled labour
can be employed. (c) Overall cost of bolted connection is lesser than the other
alternatives. However the following shortcomings are also associated with the
bolted connections: (a) Cost of material is high, about double than that of
rivets. (b) The tensile strength of bolt is reduced due to the reduced area at
the root of the thread and stress concentration. (c) Normally strength
reduction will be there for loose fit bolts. (d) Bolts may get loose when
subjected to vibrations.
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