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Chemistry - Structure of the functional group of alcohol | 12th Chemistry : UNIT 11 : Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers

Chapter: 12th Chemistry : UNIT 11 : Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers

Structure of the functional group of alcohol

The structure of -O-H group which is attached to a sp3 hybridised carbon is similar to the structure of -O-H group attached to a hydrogen in water.

Structure of the functional group of alcohol.

The structure of -O-H group which is attached to a sp3 hybridised carbon is similar to the structure of -O-H group attached to a hydrogen in water. i.e., ‘V’ shaped. In such alcohols, one of the sp3 hybridised orbital of oxygen linearly overlap with the sp3 hybridised orbital of carbon to form a C- O, ' σ ' bond and another sp3 hybridised orbital linearly overlap with 1s orbital of hydrogen to form a O-H ' σ' bond.


The remaining two sp3 hybridised orbitals of oxygen are occupied by two lone pairs of electrons. Due to the lone pair – lone pair repulsion, the C-O-H bond angle in methanol is reduced to 108.9° from the regular tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° .

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12th Chemistry : UNIT 11 : Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers : Structure of the functional group of alcohol | Chemistry


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