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Types, Significance - Seed | 11th Botany : Chapter 4 : Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm

Chapter: 11th Botany : Chapter 4 : Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm

Seed

The seed is a fertilized mature ovule which possess an embryonic plant, usually stores food material and has a protective coat.

Seed

 

Do all fruits contain seeds? No, triploid fruits do not. The seed is a fertilized mature ovule which possess an embryonic plant, usually stores food material and has a protective coat. After fertilization, changes occur in various parts of the ovule and transforms into a seed.

 

Types of Seed

 

Do seeds germinate as soon as they are dispersed

 

I.         Based on the number of cotyledons present two types of seeds are recognized.

 

i.          Dicotyledonous seed: Seed with two cotyledons.

 

ii.        Monocotyledonous seed: Seed with one cotyledon.

 

II.      Based on the presence or absence of the endosperm the seed is of two types.

 

i. Albuminous or Endospermous seed: The cotyledons are thin, membranous and mature seeds have endosperm persistent and nourishes the seedling during its early development. Example: Castor, sunflower, maize.

 

ii.        Ex-albuminous or non-endospermous seed: Food is utilized by the developing embryo and so the mature seeds are without endosperm. In such seeds, colyledons store food and become thick and fleshy. Example: Pea, Groundnut.

 

Significance of Seeds:

 

v  The seed encloses and protects the embryo for next generation.

v  It contains food for the development of embryo.

v  It is a means for the dispersal of new individuals of the species.

v  A seed is a means for perpetuation of the species. It may lie dormant during unfavorable conditions but germinates on getting suitable conditions.

v  Seeds of various plants are used as food, both for animals and men.

v  They are the basis of agriculture.

v  Seeds are the products of sexual reproduction so they provide genetic variations and recombination in a plant.

 

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11th Botany : Chapter 4 : Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm : Seed | Types, Significance

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11th Botany : Chapter 4 : Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm


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