Postrenal Acute Renal Failure
Caused by Abnormalities of the Lower Urinary Tract
Multiple abnormalities in the lower urinary tract can block or
partially block urine flow and therefore lead to acute renal failure even when
the kidneys’ blood supply and other functions are initially normal. If the
urine output of only one kidney is diminished, no major change in body fluid
composition will occur because the contralateral kidney can increase its urine
output suffi-ciently to maintain relatively normal levels of extracel-lular
electrolytes and solutes as well as normal extracellular fluid volume. With this
type of renal failure, normal kidney function can be restored if the basic
cause of the problem is corrected within a few hours. But chronic obstruction
of the urinary tract, lasting for several days or weeks, can lead to
irreversible kidney damage. Some of the causes of postrenal acute failure
include (1) bilateral obstruction of the ureters or renal pelvises caused by
large stones or blood clots, (2) bladder obstruction, and (3) obstruction of
the urethra.
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