Pathophysiology of the Malignant Process
Cancer is a disease process that begins when an abnormal cell is
transformed by the genetic mutation of the cellular DNA. This abnormal cell forms
a clone and begins to proliferate abnormally, ignoring growth-regulating signals
in the environment
surrounding the cell. The cells acquire invasive characteristics, and
changes occur in surrounding tissues. The cells infiltrate these tisues and
gain access to lymph and blood vessels, which carry the cells to other areas of
the body. This phenomenon is called metastasis (cancer spread to other parts of
the body). Cancer is not a single disease with a single cause; rather, it is a
group of distinct diseases with different causes, manifestations, treatments,
and prognoses.
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