Organ and Organ Systems in Animals: Important Questions

Organ and Organ Systems in Animals

Evaluation

1. The clitellum is a distinct part in the body of earthworm Lampito mauritii, it is found in?

a. Segments 13 - 14

b. Segments 14 - 17

c. Segments 12 - 13

d. Segments 14 - 16

2. Sexually, earthworms are

a. Sexes are separate

b. Hermaphroditic but not self - fertilizing

c. Hermaphroditic and self – fertilizing

d. Parthenogenic

3. To sustain themselves, earthworms must guide their way through the soil using their powerful muscles. They gather nutrients by ingesting organic matter and soil, absorbingwhattheyneedintotheirbodies. True or False: The two ends of the earthworm can equally ingest soil.

a. True

b. False

4. The head region of Cockroach _ _ _ pairs of _ _ _ and shaped eyes occur.

a. One pair, sessile compound and kidney shaped

b. Two pairs, stalked compound and round shaped

c. Many pairs, sessile simple and kidney shaped

d. Many pairs, stalked compound and kidney shaped

5. The location and numbers of malpighian tubules in Periplaneta.

a. At the junction of midgut and hindgut, about 150.

b. At the junction of foregut and midgut, about 150.

c. Surrounding gizzard, eight.

d. At the junction of colon and rectum, eight.

6. The type of vision in Cockroach is _ _ _

a. Three dimensional

b. Two dimensional

c. Mosaic

d. Cockroach do not have vision

7. How many abdominal segments are present in male and female Cockroaches?

a. 10, 10

b. 9, 10

c. 8, 10

d. 9, 9

8. Which of the following does not have an open circulatory system?

a. Frog

b. Earthworm

c. Pigeon

d. Cockroach

9. Buccopharyngeal respiration in frog

a. is increased when nostrils are closed

b. Stops when there is pulmonary respiration

c. is increased when it is catching fly

d. stops when mouth is opened.

10. Kidney of frog is

a. Archinephros

b. Pronephros

c. Mesonephros

d. Metanephros

11. Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that

a. fishes were amphibious in the past

b. fishes involved from frog -like ancestors

c. frogs will have gills in future

d. frogs evolved from gilled ancestor

12. Choose the wrong statement among the following:

a. In earthworm, a single male genital pore is present.

b. Setae help in locomotion of earthworms.

c. Muscular layer in the body wall of earthworm is made up of only circular muscles.

d. Typhlosole is part of the intestine of earthworm.

13. Which of the following are the sense organs of Cockroach?

a. Antennae,compound eyes, maxillary palps, anal cerci

b. Antennae, compound eye, maxillary palps and tegmina

c. Antennae, ommatidia, maxillary palps, sternum

d. Antennae, eyes, maxillary palps, and tarsus of walking legs

14. Pneumatic bone is found in

a. Shark

b. Rana

c. Pigeon

d. Whale

15. What is the function of the preen gland?

a. produce digestive enzymes.

b. To release scents that help attract mates.

c. To control salt balance in the body.

d. To produce an oil substance used to condition the feathers.

16. Quill feathers at the base of quill wings are called

a. Coverts

b. Remiges

c. Down feathers

d. Barbules.

17. Excretory waste of birds and reptitles are

a. Urea

b. Ammonia

c. Uric acid

d. Ammonia and uric acid.

18. Which of the following is an adaptation to the aerial mode of life in Pigeon

a. Single ovary on the left side

b. Pair of ovary on both the side

c. Single ovary on the right side

d. Both (a) and (c)

19. What characteristics are used to identify the earthworms?

20. What are earthworm casts?

21. How do earthworms breathe?

22. Why do you call cockroach a pest?

23. Comment on the functions of alary muscles?

24. Name the visual units of the compound eyes of cockroach.

25. How does the male frog attracts the female for mating?

26. Write the types of respiration seen in frog.

27. Differentiate between peristomium and prostomium in earthworm.

28. Give the location of clitellum and spermathecal openings in Lampito mauritii.

29. Differentiate between tergum and a sternum.

30. Head of cockroach is called hypognathous. Why?

31. What are the components of blood in frog?

32. Draw a neat labeled diagram of the digestives system of frog.

33. Explain the reproductive system of frog

34. List the characteristics features of Pigeon.

35. Distinguish between vanes, barbs and barbules.

36. Explain the reproductive system of frog

37. Comment on the role of air sacs in increasing the respiratory efficiency in birds.

Glossary

After-shaft – Small tuft of soft feathers near the superior umbilicus of Quill feather

Articular membrane – The non-sclerotized, flexible membrane between the segments of arthropods, and the joints of arthropod appendages.

Bipedal – Walk or stand on two feet.

Buccal cavity – The first region of the alimentary canal, between mouth and pharynx.

Chloragogen Cells – Surrounding the alimentary canal; is attributed to excretion and regeneration.

Clitellum – A regional epidermal swelling, where gland cells secrete material to form the cocoon.

Cochlea – A coiled tube found in the inner ear, essential for hearing

Cocoon – It is a bag like structure secreted by the clitellum. Eggs and sperms are deposited into it. Fertilization and development occurs within the cocoon.

Coelom – The body cavity between the body wall and the alimentary canal.

Cutaneous Respiration – Respiration through skin

Elytra – Elytra (singular elytron) are the tough forewings of beetles and earwigs. The elytra are not used in flight but are used to protect the more delicate hind wings. The elytra are often coloured or decorated with pits and grooves

Gizzard – The muscularized portion of the digestive system.

Homeothermic – Warm blooded and maintain a constant body temperature.

Hypopharynx – The hypopharynx is a somewhat globular structure, located medially to the mandibles and the maxillae. In many species it is membranous and associated with salivary glands. It assists in swallowing the food.

Labium – A fused mouthpart which forms the floor of the mouth of an insect. The labium is the most complex of the cockroach mouthparts.

Mandibles – Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals.

Maxillae – In arthropods, the maxillae (singular maxilla) are paired structures present on the head as mouthparts in members of the clade Mandibulata, used for tasting and manipulating food.

Maxillary teeth – In frog a row of small and pointed maxillary teeth is found on the inner region of the upper jaw.

Nephridia – They are highly coiled excretory organs.

Nestlings – The young birds’ that has not left the nest.

Nictitating membrane – A transparent membrane drawn over and protect the eye when frog is under water

Nuptial pad – Copulatory pad which is present only in male frog

Oviparous – Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother.

Poikilotherms – Cold blooded organisms/ Body temperature fluctuates according to environmental temperature

Sclerites – Sclerite is hard armor like structure for arthopods (even cockroaches) soft body. Sclerites are really deposition of Calcium or cross linking of protein to make the exoskeleton stronger.

Setae – They are small, S- Shaped chitinous structures present in the pits of the body wall of earthworms. They aid is locomotion. Some setae are modified into Penial setae in the male genital opening and these help in copulation.

Sinus venosus – A large thin walled, triangular chamber, which is present on the dorsal side of the heart.

Tympanum – The vibrating ear drum involved in hearing

Typhlosole – A median dorsal internal fold in the intestine of several types of animals, including the earthworm,

Vectors –A vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another.

Villus – A minute finger-like process from intestinal lining of vertebrates

Vocal sac – The male frog has a pair of vocal sacs a little behind the mouth. They assist in amplifying the croaking sounds of frog.