Answer the following questions

Zoology

Organ and Organ Systems in Animals

Evaluation

Answer the following questions

14. What characteristics are used to identify the earthworms?

1. Light brown colour

2. Purplish tingle colour at the anterior end.

3. Body segments or metameres.

4. 14 -17 the clitellum

15. What are earthworm casts?

The undigested particles along with soil are passed out through the anus as worm castings or vermicasts.

16. How do earthworms breathe?

There is no lungs and gills.

They respire through body surface.

The surface blood vessel helps in gaseous exchange.

17. Why do you call cockroach a pest?

The cockroaches act as vector for the transmission of diseases like Cholera, Dysentery Tuberculosis and Typhoid. Hence it is considered as a pest. 

18. Comment on the functions of alary muscles?

The triangular muscles that are present on both side of heart is responsible for blood circulation.

19. Name the visual units of the compound eyes of cockroach.

• The photo receptors of the cockroach consists of a pair of compound eye on the dorsal surface of the head.

• Each eye is formed of about 2000 simple eyes called the ommatidia.

20. How does the male frog attracts the female for mating?

• The male frog has a pair of vocal sacs and copulatory or nuptial pad on the ventral side of the first digit of each forelimb.

• Vocal sacs produces croaking sound to attract female and nuptial pad is also helpful in mating.

21. Write the types of respiration seen in frog.

• Frog respires both on land and in water. In the water it respires through skin and moist body surface.

• When on land respires through buccal cavity skin and lungs.

22. Differentiate between peristomium and prostomium in earthworm.

 Peristomium

 The mouth is present in the centre of the first segment of the body called peristomium

 Prostomium

 Overhanging the mouth is a small flap called the upperlip or prostomium

23. Give the location of clitellum and spermathecal openings in Lampito mauritii.

• Clitellum -14 -17 segment.

• Spermatheca - There are three pairs of spermathecae lying in segments 6/7,7/8,8/9

24. Differentiate between tergum and a sternum.

Tergum

The sclerites of dorsal side of cockroach

Sternum

 The sclerites of ventral side of cockroach

25. Head of cockroach is called hypognathous. Why?

• The head of cockroach is small triangular one.

• It lies right angle to the longitudinal body axis.

• The mouth parts are directed downwards so it is hypognathous.

26. What are the components of blood in frog?

1. Plasma-60%

2. Red blood cells, white blood cells platelets 40 %

27. Draw a neat labeled diagram of the digestives system of frog.

Oesophagus, Stomach Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum, Intestine, Rectum, Urinary bladder, Cloaca

28. Explain the male reproductive system of frog

Male reproductive organ:

• There are pair of testes. Each test is attached with kidney and dorsal body wall with the peritoneal membrane mesorchium.

• The vasa efferentia arises from each test is opened, into the bladder canal and it communicates with the urinogenital duct that comes out of kidneys and opens into the cloaca.

29. Explain the male reproductive system of frog

• It consists of paired ovaries attached to the kidney and dorsal body wall by folds of peritoneum called mesovarium.

• Each oviduct opens into the body cavity at the anterior end by a funnel like opening called ostia and posteriority the oviducts dilated to form ovisac before they open into cloaca.

• Fertilization is external.

• The eggs hatch into tadpoles.

• Tadpole develops three pairs of gills.

• The tadpole grows into an air-breathing carnivorous adult frog through a process meta morphosis.

30. Differentiate between Male and Female cockroach?

Q. List the characteristics features of Pigeon.

Q. Distinguish between vanes, barbs and barbules.

Q. Explain the reproductive system of frog

Q. Comment on the role of air sacs in increasing the respiratory efficiency in birds.