CARDIAC TAMPONADE
Cardiac
tamponade is the compression of the heart as a result of fluid within the
pericardial sac. It usually is caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the
chest. A penetrating wound of the heart is associated with a high mortality
rate. Cardiac tamponade also may follow diagnostic cardiac catheterization,
angiographic procedures, and pacemaker insertion, which can produce
perfo-rations of the heart and great vessels. Pericardial effusion with fluid
compressing the heart also may develop from metastases to the pericardium from
malignant tumors of the breast, lung, and mediastinum and may occur with
lymphomas and leukemias,renal failure, TB, and high-dose radiation to the
chest.
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