Related Positional Measures -
Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles :
Besides median there are other
measures which divide a series into equal parts.
Important amongest these are
quartiles, deciles and percentiles.
A measure which divides an array
into four equal parts is known as quartiles.
Each portion contains equal
number of items. The first, second and third points are termed as first
quartile (Q1), second
quartile (Q2) (better
named as median) and the third quartile(Q3).
The first quartile (Q1) or
lower quartile, has 25% of the items of the distribution below it and 75% of
the items are greater than it. Q2(median)
the second quartile or median has 50 % of the observations above it and 50% of
the observations below it. The upper quartile or third quartile(Q3) has 75% of the items of
the distribution below it and 25% of the items are above it. Similarly the
other two positional measures can be defined.
A measure which divides an array
into ten equal parts is known as deciles.
That is Deciles are the values
which divides the series into ten equal parts. We get nine dividing positions
namely D1,D2,…,D 9 which are called as deciles. Therefore there are
nine deciles. It is to be noted that D5
is equal to median.
A measure which divides an array
into hundred equal parts is known as Percentiles.
That is percentiles are the
values which divides the series into hundred equal parts. We get 99 dividing
positions P1 ,P2,…,P99 which are called as percentiles. Therefore there are
99 percentiles. It is to be noted that P50
is equal to median.
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