The Cuban Revolution
The
United States had its satellite states in Central America (Honduras, El
Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama and Guatemala), the Caribbean (Cuba, the Dominion
Republic and Haiti) and east Asia Philippines, South Korea, South Vietnam and
Thailand). These states were governed by ruling groups made up of military
personnel, landed gentry and occasionally of local capitalists.
After
Castro took power, the US-owned oil refineries on the island refused to process
Russian oil. Castro nationalized them. The US retaliated by ending the
arrangement by which it bought the bulk of Cuba’s sugar. Castro nationalized
the US-owned sugar companies. and ended the US monopolies in electricity and
telephones. All these gravely threatened American economic interests.
In April
1961, while landing an army of Cuban exiles on the island of Bay of Pigs, the
US bombed Cuban airfields with the objective of overthrowing Castro’s regime.
US warships surrounded Cuba. The Kennedy government had received intelligence
that the USSR was secretly installing nuclear missiles in Cuba. Finally, the
Soviet President Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles and thus the
Missile Crisis was defused.
Eventually
the two sides reached an agreement. The Soviet Union removed the missiles from
Cuba on an understanding that the US would never invade Cuba again.
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