Environmental Pollution
1. Define Environmental Pollution.
Environmental Pollution is defined as any
undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of
any component of the environment (air,water,soil)which can cause harmful
effects on various forms of property.
2. Suggest four important sources of air pollution.
The sources of air pollution are volcanic
eruptions, fest fires, biological decay, thermal power plants, vehicular
emissions etc.,
3. What is meant by BOD and COD?
BOD: BOD is the amount of oxygen required for the
biological decomposition of organic matter present in the water.
COD: COD is the amount of oxygen required f
chemical oxidation of organic matter using oxidizing agent.
4. Name
the sources and effects of marine pollution. Sources: Dumping
the waste, oil pollution and shipment.
Effects: The
continuous oil films inhibit photosynthesis and absorption of oxygen. This inhibits the growth of plankton.
All aquatic animals depend either directly indirectly on plankton, which is the
basis of the tropic chain.
5. Mention the sources of soil pollution.
Domestic
wastes include garbage, rubbish material like glass, plastics, metallic cans,
paper, fibers, cloth rags, containers, paints, varnishes etc.
6. Define green house effect.
The
greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that makes the earth warmer
by trapping more energy in the atmosphere. The green house gases absorb and
hold heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into the space; much
like a green house absorbs and holds the sun’s heat Industrial wastes are the
effluents discharged from chemical industries, paper and pulp mills, tanneries,
textile mills, steel industries, distilleries, refineries, pesticides and
fertilizer industries, pharmaceutical industries, food processing industries,
cement industries, thermal and nuclear power plants, mining industries etc.
7. List the ozone depleting chemicals.
Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC) are responsible for ozone layer depletion.
8. Define the term Noise Pollution.
Noise
pollution is the disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the activity or
balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is
mainly caused by machines and transportation systems, motor vehicles, aircraft,
and trains.
9. Define biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen
demand. Write its environmental impacts.
Biological
Oxygen Demand (BOD) is defined as the amount of DO required to aerobically
decompose biodegradable organic matter over a period of 5 days at 20○C.
Chemical
oxygen demand (COD) is commonly used to indirectly measure the amount of
organic compounds in water.
Increase in BOD and COD values degrades the quality
of water. It is harmful to aquatic organisms and causes toxic effects at
various levels of food chain.
10.
What are
the effects of Global warning?
a) More heat
waves
b) Expansion
of desert area
c) Natural
fires in forestlands
d) More
evaporation of water from oceans and water bodies
e) Melting
of ice caps in Arctic and Antarctica regions
f) More
cloud formation in the atmosphere.
g) Shorter
and warmer winters and longer and shorter summer.
h) Changes
in pattern of rainfall i) Rise in sea level
j)
Flooding and submergence of low lying coastal areas
11.Give two effects of noise pollution on human
beings.
(i)
It causes contraction of blood vessels, makes the
skin pale, leads to excessive secretion of adrenalin hormone in to blood stream
which is responsible for high blood pressure.
(ii)
It causes muscles to contract leading to nervous
breakdown, tension etc.,
12 Define thermal pollution.
Thermal
pollution is defined as the addition of excess of undesirable heat to water
that
makes it harmful to man, animal aquatic life otherwise causes significant
departures from the normal activities of aquatic communities in water.
13. Mention the effects of solid waste.
*Spreading
of fungal diseases; *Bad odours; *Burning of waste produce chemicals which are
harmful to human life; *Contaminates water & *Affects the characteristics
of soil .
14. What are the damages caused by the nuclear
radiations?
Genetic
damages – The damage is caused by radiations, which induce mutations in DNA.
The damage is often seen in the offsprings and may be transmitted upto several
generations.
Somatic
damage – This includes burns, miscarriages, eye cataract, bone cancer etc.
15.
Mention
the activities involved in solid waste management.
·
Waste generation,
·
onsite handling ,storage and processing
·
collection
·
transfer and transport
·
processing and recovery and disposal
15.
Mention
the activities involved in solid waste management.
·
Waste generation,
·
onsite handling ,storage and processing
·
collection
·
transfer and transport
·
processing and recovery and disposal
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