Glossary

Botany : Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Glossary

Antisense strand: It is also called Template strand. It is the strand of DNA that is used as template for RNA synthesis

Branch Migration: The process in which base pairs on homologous strands are consequently exchanged at a Holliday junction, moving the branch up or down the DNA sequence.

Cis configuration: The presence of dominant alleles of two or more pairs on one chromosome and the recessive alleles on the homologous chromosome.

Exons: A segment of DNA that is both transcribed into RNA and translated into protein.

Feminizing Masculinizing: To induce female characteristics in male To induce male characteristics in female

Heteroduplex: A double stranded molecule of nucleic acid originated through genetic recombination from different sources

Introns: Eukaryotes have non-amino acid coding sequences called Introns.

Monocistronic: Eukaryotic mRNAs contain amino acid coding information from just one gene.

Okazaki fragment: A short segment of DNA produced by discontinuous replication elongating in the 5’ → 3’ direction away from the replication.

Primase: It is a type of RNA polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of ribonucleotides to RNA. It creates a primer for DNA synthesis.

Promoter: A specific nucleotide sequence to which RNA polymerase attaches to initiate transcription of mRNA from a gene.

Self incompatibility: A genetic mechanism which prevent self fertilization thus encourage outcross.

Synapsis: The pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.

Tassel seed: Feminization of the tassel

Terminalisation: The movement of transverse bonds between paired chromosomes in meiosis from their points of origin toward the ends of the chromosomes.

Termination codon: A stop codon

Trans configuration: An arrangement in which the dominant allele of one pair of genes and the recessive allele of another pair are on the same chromosome

Transcript: The DNA is said to be transcribed into RNA and RNA is call as Transcript.

Transesterification: A reaction that breaks and makes chemical bonds in a coordinated transfer, so that no energy is required.

Transposon: A DNA sequence capable of transposition.

Vestigial: Rudimentary organ of body become functionless in the course of evolution