Fundamentals of Robot

FUNDAMENTALS OF ROBOT

INTRODUCTION

Robots are devices that are programmed to move parts, or to do work with a tool. Robotics is a multidisciplinary engineering field dedicated to the development of autonomous devices, including manipulators and mobile vehicles.

Roboticists develop man-made mechanical devices that can move by themselves, whose motion must be modelled, planned, sensed, actuated and controlled, and whose motion

behaviour can be influenced by nt”“programming”iftheys in moving in safe interaction with an unstructured environment, while autonomously achieving

their specified tasks.

This definition implies that a device c movable mechanism, influenced by sensing, planning, actuation and control components. It

does not imply that a minimum number of these components must be implemented in software,

or be changeable by the “consumer” who uses can have been hard-wired into the device by the manufacturer.

So, the presented definition, as well as the rest of the material in this part of the

WEBook, covers not just “pure” robotics or o broader domain of robotics and automation. This includes “dumb” ro woodworking machines, “intelligent” washing robots, etc. These examples all have sensing, planning and control, but often not in individually

separated components. For example, the sensing and planning behaviour of the pool cleaning robot have been integrated into the mechanical design of the device, by the intelligence of the human developer.

Robotics is, to a very large extent, all about system integration, achieving a task by an actuated mechanical device, via an “intelli shares with other domains, such as systems and control, computer science, character animation,

machine design, computer vision, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, biomechanics, etc. In addition, the boundaries of robotics cannot concepts and algorithms are being applied applications, and, vice versa, core technology from other domains (vision, biology, cognitive

science or biomechanics, for example) are becoming crucial components in more and more modern robotic systems.

Definition

The term comes from a Czech word, robota, meaning "forced labor." The word robot first appeared in a 1920 play by Czech writer Karel Capek, R.U.R.: Rossum's Universal Robots. In the play, the robots eventually overthrow their human creators.

An automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either, fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.