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Chapter: 12th Botany : Practicals

Flow of energy and Ten percent law

Aim: To understand the unidirectional flow of energy in an ecosystem and transfer of energy follows the 10% law.

Exercise: Flow of energy and Ten percent law

Aim:

To understand the unidirectional flow of energy in an ecosystem and transfer of energy follows the 10% law.

Principle:

The student studies about flow of energy and that only about 10% of energy is made available to the next trophic level. Large amount of energy about 90% is lost at each trophic level in a food chain.


Requirements:

Problems to be given to students based on different examples with alternating food chain and amount of energy.

The teacher must train the student by giving them various kinds of food chain with different values.


Problem

Analyse the food chain given below and find out the amount of energy received by the organism in third trophic level.

Given: The amount of energy in the producers, i.e. grass = 30,000 J.


Solution:

T1 – Grass (Producer)    = 30,000 J of energy     

T2 – Rabbit (Primary Consumer)      =       ?

T3 – Snake (Secondary Consumer)   =       ?

According to the ten percent law, during the transfer of energy, only about 10% of the energy flows from each trophic level to the next lower trophic level. So 10% of energy from T1 gets transferred to T2

So T2 - Rabbit (primary consumer) receives        30000 X    10/100        = 3000 J

Similarly, 10% of energy from T2 gets transferred to T3                                    

So T3 – Snake (Secondary consumer) receives 3000 X 10/100        = 300 J

Answer:

1. The third tropic level T3 – (Snake) receives 300 J of energy.


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