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Chapter: 11th Botany : Chapter 5 : Taxonomy and Systematic Botany

Artificial system of classification - Taxonomy and Systematic Botany

Carolus Linnaeus (1707 - 1778) was a great Swedish Botanist and said to be the “Father of Taxonomy.”

Artificial system of classification

 

Carolus Linnaeus (1707 - 1778) was a great Swedish Botanist and said to be the “Father of Taxonomy.” He outlined an artificial system of classification in “Species Plantarum” in 1753, wherein he listed and described 7,300 species and arranged in 24 classes mostly on the basis of number, union (adhesion and cohesion), length, and distribution of stamens. 


The classes were further subdivided on the basis of carpel characteristics into orders. Hence the system of classification is also known as sexual system of classification.

 

This system of classification though artificial, was continued for more than 100 years after the death of Linnaeus, due to its simplicity and easy way of identification of plants.

 

However the system could not hold good due to the following reasons.

 

1.        Totally unrelated plants were kept in a single group, whereas closely related plants were placed in widely separated groups. Example:

 

a.        Zingiberaceae of monocotyledons and Anacardiaceae of dicotyledonous were placed under the class Monandria since these possess single stamens.

 

b.        Prunus was classified along with Cactus because of the same number of stamens.

 

No attempts were made to classify plants based on either natural or phylogenetic relationships which exist among plant groups.


 

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11th Botany : Chapter 5 : Taxonomy and Systematic Botany


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