Answer the following questions briefly

Social Science : Geography

ATMOSPHERE

III. Answer the following questions briefly

1. Define Atmosphere.

The blanket of air that surrounds the Earth is called the atomsphere.

2. Mention the factors that affect the climate?

The factors that affect the climate.

• Distance from the equator

• Altitude

• Nearness to the sea

• Nature of the prevailing winds.

• Mountain barrier

• Cloud cover

• Ocean currents

• Natural vegetation

3. Write short note on Lapse rate

The decreased temperature at the rate of 1°C for every 165 mt of height of is called Normal lapse rate.

4. What are the processes responsible for heating the atmosphere?

• Radiation

• Conduction

• Convection

• Advection

5. Mention the planetary wind system of the earth.

• The winds which constantly blow in the same direction throughout the year are called the planetary winds.

• They are also called as permanent winds or the prevailing winds.

6. Write short note on :

a. Trade winds :

• The winds blow in both the hemispheres, from the Subtropical high pressure bolt to the Equatorial low pressure bolt, with great regularity, force and a constant direction throughout the year are called “Trade winds”.

• These winds were very helpful to traders while sailing in the seas.

b. Roaring Forties:

• Westerlies are the permanant winds that blow from the trophical high pressure belt to the sub polar low pressure belt in both the hemispheres.

• The velocity of westerlies become so Vigorous and fast to be called 'Roaring Ferties at 40°

7. How are clouds formed?

Cool moisture laden air, gets collected around particles like dust, salt content from the sea, smoke etc. and forms clouds.

8. What are the different types of rainfall?

• Convectional rainfall

• Orographic rainfall

• Frontal or Cyclonic rainfall

9. Write short notes on: a) Drizzle b) Rain c) Sleet d) Snow e) Heat,

a) Drizzle:

Falling of numerous uniform minute droplets of water with diameter of less than 0.5 is called a drizzle.

b) Rain:

• Rain is the most wide spread and important form of precipitation in places having temperature above the freezing point.

• It occurs only when there is abundant moisture in the air.

c) Sleet:

• Sleet refers to a precipitation in the form of pellets made up of transparent and translucent ice. This precipitation is a mixture of snow and rain.

d) Snow:

• Snow is formed when condensation occurs below freezing point.

• It is the precipitation of opaque and semi opaque ice crystals.

e) Heat:

• Heat is the energy which makes objects hot, while, temperature measures the intensity of heat.