i.
Create a model of the ear by using clay,
recyclables etc.
ii.
Use different colors to indicate different lobes of
the brain.
iii.
Draw the different areas of the cerebral cortex on
the white swimming cap with different colour markers.
Neural
system coordinates and integrates the functions of all organs and responds to
changes in the internal and external environments.
Neural
system includes two types of cells neurons and neuroglia. Neuron forms the
structural and functional unit of the neural system.
CNS
includes brain and spinal cord. The major parts of the brain are the cerebrum,
diencephalon, cerebellum and the brain stem. The brain is protected by the
cranium and meninges. CSF provides mechanical protection and nutrients to the
CNS.
The
spinal cord is the continuation of the medulla oblongata and ends at the second
lumbar vertebra as conus medullaris. The components involved in reflex action
are called reflex arc.
There are 12 pairs of cranial
nerves which arise from the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves from the spinal
cord make the PNS. The PNS is further divided into Somatic Neural system and
Autonomic Neural system. The SNS operates under conscious control. The ANS
usually operates unconsciously.
The motor portion of ANS has two
major divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Sensation
is the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or
internal environment. Four events namely stimulation, transduction, generation
of impulses and integration occurs typically for a sensation to take place.
Simple receptors are associated
with the general senses such as somatic senses (skin); complex receptors are
associated with the special senses such as smell, taste, vision, hearing and
equilibrium.
A person on his way to a village
in a car for weekend holidays after finishing the office work. As he is very
tired, he begins to feel drowsy. He turns up the car stereo volume, opens the
car window and has sips of ice-cold water. How do these actions keep him awake?
The increase in the number of sensory stimuli he receives is relayed to the
cerebral cortex which gets activated and prevents sleeping.
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