SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL
CIRCUIT
This
type of system uses storage elements called flip-flops that are employed to
change their binary value only at discrete instants of time. Synchronous
sequential circuits use logic gates and flip-flop storage devices. Sequential
circuits have a clock signal as one of their inputs. All state transitions in
such circuits occur only when the clock value is either 0 or 1 or happen at the
rising or falling edges of the clock depending on the type of memory elements
used in the circuit. Synchronization is achieved by a timing device called a
clock pulse generator. Clock pulses are distributed throughout the system in
such a way that the flip-flops are affected only with the arrival of the
synchronization pulse. Synchronous sequential circuits that use clock pulses in
the inputs are called clocked-sequential circuits. They are stable and their
timing can easily be broken down into independent discrete steps, each of which
is considered separately.
A clock
signal is a periodic square wave that indefinitely switches from 0 to 1 and
from 1 to 0 at fixed intervals. Clock cycle time or clock period: the time
interval between two consecutive rising or falling edges of the clock.
Clock
Frequency = 1 / clock cycle time (measured in cycles per second or Hz)
Example: Clock cycle time = 10ns clock frequency = 100M
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