SUMMARY
Environmental
chemistry plays a vital role in environment. Environmental chemistry means
scientific study of chemical and bio chemical process occurring in environment.
World Environmental Day is celebrated on fifth of June of every
year.
Environmental
pollution is the effect of undesirable changes in the surrounding that
haveharmful effects on living things.
Pollutants
are generally classified as rapidly degradable (e.g. discarded
vegetables),slowly degradable(e.g. Agriculture waste) and non-bio degradable
pollutants (e.g. DDT, plastic materials).
Atmospheric
pollutions include tropospheric and stratospheric pollution. Troposphere and
stratosphere greatly affect the biosphere of the earth due to which the study
of pollutions in these regions is most important.
Troposphere
is the lowest region of atmosphere in which man, animal and plants exist.
Gaseous pollutants like
SOx,NOx,CO,CO2,O3
hydrocarbons and particulate pollutants like dust, mist, fumes, smog cause
pollutions in troposphere
When
the PH of rain water becomes lower than 5.6 it is called acid rain. Acid rain
is a byproduct of various human activities that emit sulphuroxides and nitrogen
oxides in atmosphere. It damages buildings, statues and other monuments..
The
acid rain in water reservoir like rivers, ponds adversely affects microbes
,aquatic plants and fishes.
The
process of warming up of earth is known as greenhouse effect or global warming.
CO2, CH4, O3, CFC, N2 and water vapour present in atmosphere act as a
greenhouse gases. Heat retaining capacity of greenhouse gases are called Global
Warming Potential (GWP).The GWP based sequence of greenhouse gases is as
CFC>N2O>CH4>CO2.
Stratosphere
extends above troposphere up to 50Km above.
Ozone
layer present in stratosphere protect the living species against harmful UV
rays from space but Ozone Depletion Substance (ODS) used by humans deplete
ozone layer. To create awareness in the Whole world, United Nations decided to
celebrate 16th September of every year as “Ozone Layer Protection Day”.
Water is the elixir of life, but it is polluted by point and nonpoint sources.Institutions like World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) have prescribed standards for quality of drinking water.
Lithosphere
with humus cover is known as soil. The topsoil provides water and all nutrients
required by plants for their growth. Industrial waste, artificial fertilisers
and pesticides result in soil pollution.
The
strategies for controlling environmental pollution are called can be waste
management.Waste management involves reduction and proper disposal of waste.
Wastes are produced in three forms, solid, liquid and gase. Solid waste can be
disposed by segregation, dumping, incineration and composting.
Efforts
to control environmental pollution resulted in development of science for
synthesis of chemicals favorable to environment which is called green
chemistry.Green chemistry means science of environmentally favorable chemical
synthesis.
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