Atmospheric
Pollution
Earth’s
atmosphere is a layer of gases retained by the earth’s gravity. It contains
roughly 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, trace
amounts of other gases and little amount of water vapour. This mixture is
commonly known as air.
Earth’s
atmosphere can be divided into different layers with characteristic altitude
and temperature. The various regions of atmosphere are given in table 15.1.
The
lowest layer of the atmosphere is called the troposphere and it extends from 0
– 10 km from the earth surface. About 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is in
this layer. This troposphere in further divided as follows.
Hydrosphere
includes all types of water sources like oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, streams,
underground water, polar icecaps, clouds etc. It covers about 75% of the
earth’s surface. Hence the earth is called as a blue planet.
Lithosphere
the includes soil, rocks and mountains which are solid components of earth.
It
includes the lithosphere hydrosphere and atmosphere intergrating the living
organism present in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
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