Substance-induced Persisting Dementia
In instances in which the features of dementia
result from central nervous system effects of a medication, toxin, or drug of
abuse (including alcohol), the diagnosis of dementia due to the persist-ing
effects of a substance should be made (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).
The most common dementias in this category are those associated with alcohol
abuse, accounting for about 10% of all dementias. The diagnosis of alcohol
abuse dementia requires that the cognitive changes persist after the cessation of
alcohol use and are not the result of changes in mentation as-sociated with
early abstinence, amnestic episodes (blackouts), or Wernicke–Korsakoff
syndrome. In addition to various nutri-tional deficiencies and the toxic
effects of alcohol itself, alcohol abusers are more prone to develop dementia
as a result of head trauma and chronic hepatic encephalopathy.
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