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Chapter: Mechanical : Metrology and Measurements : Measurement of Power, Flow and Temperature Related Properties

Scale and balances on Measurement of Force

a. Equal arm balance b. Unequal arm balance c. Pendulum Scale(Multi-lever Type)


Scale and balances

 

a.  Equal arm balance

 

An equal arm balance works on the principle of moment comparison. The beam of the equal arm balance is in equilibrium position when,

 

Clockwise rotating moment = Anti-clockwise rotating moment M2L2 = M1L1

 

That is, the unknown force is balanced against the known gravitational force.

 

 

Description

 

The main parts of the arrangement are a follows:

 

·        A beam whose centre is pivoted and rests on the fulcrum of a knife edge. Either side of the beam is equal in length with respect to the fulcrum

 

·        A pointer is attached to the center of the beam. This pointer will point vertically downwards when the beam is in equilibrium.

 

·        A Provision to place masses at either end of the beam.


 

Operation

•        A known standard mass (m1) is placed at one end of the beam and an unknown mass (m2) is placed at its other end.

• Equilibrium condition exists when,          clockwise rotating moment = Anti- clockwise rotating moment   

 

 

·        Moreover at a given location, the ear masses (m1 and m2) and hence at equilibrium condition. W1=W2. That is, the

 

unknown force (weight) will be equal to the known force (weight).

 

b.    Unequal arm balance


 

An unequal arm balance works on the principle of moment comparison.

 

The beam of the unequal arm balance is in equilibrium position when,

 

Clockwise rotating moment = Anti-clockwise rotating moment

 

F x L2 = Fx x L1

 


Description

 

The main parts of the arrangements are as follows:

 

·        A   graduated   beam   pivoted   to   a   knife   ed

 

·        A leveling pointer is attached to the beam

 

·        A known mass “m” is attached to the r unknown forcem”“F”can. Thisslidemasson the“ right

 

 

·        Provisions are made tox” applyontheanleftunknos beam.

 

 

Operation

 

·        An unknown force “Fx” is applied on t edge “Z” as shown

 

·        Now the positi”on theof massright“mside of th the leveling pointer reads null balance position. When the leveling pointer is

 

in null balance position, the beam is in equilibrium.

 

Clock wise rotating moment = Anti-clock wise rotating moment

 

Fx.L1 = F. L2

 

Fx = Mg.L2/L1

 

·        Thus the unknownx”is proportionalforce“F2”oftothethemad “m” from the knife edge “Y”

 

 

·        The right hand side of the beam which is graduated is calibrated to get a direct

 

measurex”  of     “F

 

 

c.  Pendulum Scale(Multi-lever Type)

 

It is a moment comparison device. The unknown force is converted to torque which is then balanced by the torque of a fixed standard mass arranged as a pendulum.


Description

 

• The   scale’s   frames   carry   support   ribb These support ribbons are attached to the sectors. The loading ribbons are attached to the sectors and the load rod a shown. The load rod is inturn attached to the weighing platform.

• The two sectors are connected on either side of an equalizer beam. The sectors carry counter weighs. To the center of  the equalizer beam is attached a rack and pinion arrangement.

• A  pointer  is  attached  to  the  pinion  which  sweeps  over  a  weight  (force)  calibrated scale.

 

Operation

 

·        The unknown force is applied to the load rod. Due to this force, the loading tapes are pulled downwards. Hence the loading tapes rotate the sectors.

 

·        As the sectors rotate about the pivots, it moves the counter weights outwards, This movements increases the counter weight effective moment until the torque produced by the force applied to the load rod and the moment produced by the counter weight balance each other, thereby establishing an equilibrium.

 

·        During the process of establishing equilibrium, the equalizer beam would be displaced downwards. As the rack is attached to the equalizer beam, the rack also is displaced downwards rotating the pinion.

 

·        As the pointer is attached to the pinion, the rotation of the pinion makes the pointer to assume a new position on the scale. The scale is calibrated to read the weight directly. Thus the force applied on the load rod is measured.

 

 


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Mechanical : Metrology and Measurements : Measurement of Power, Flow and Temperature Related Properties : Scale and balances on Measurement of Force |


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