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Chapter: Paediatrics: Infectious diseases

Paediatrics: The child with fever

In children aged 4wks to 5yrs body temperature should be measured using any one of: · Electronic thermometer in the axilla. · Chemical dot thermometer in the axilla. · Infrared tympanic thermometer.

The child with fever

 

In children aged 4wks to 5yrs body temperature should be measured using any one of:

·  Electronic thermometer in the axilla.

 

·  Chemical dot thermometer in the axilla.

 

·  Infrared tympanic thermometer.

 

Fever in babies 6mths is rare. Fever >=38.5°C requires further investigation.

 

Differential diagnosis

 

The majority of children with fever have a self-limiting viral infection that resolves without any problem. However, in the very young it is particular-ly important to consider the possibility of an underlying serious infection. When there is no apparent cause of infection, the differential diagnosis of fever includes the following.

·  Bacteraemia.

 

·  Respiratory tract infection.

 

·  Meningitis and encephalitis.

 

·  UTI.

 

·  Viral infection.

 

·  Osteomyelitis.

 

·  Bacterial gastroenteritis.

 

·  Endocarditis.

 

·  Rheumatic fever.

 

·  Malaria.

 

·  Tuberculosis.

 

·  Post-vaccination fever.

 

Highlights the signs and symptoms of disease that requires spe-cific medical treatment

 

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Paediatrics: Infectious diseases : Paediatrics: The child with fever |


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