Exanthem 3: rubella
Rubella is a mild disease in
childhood occurring in winter and spring.
•
Prodrome: the incubation period is 14–21
days during which time the child may
have a mild illness with low-grade fever.
•
Exanthematous phase: maculopapular rash starting on the
face, then spreading to cover the
whole body, and lasting up to 5 days.
•
Other features: suboccipital and post-auricular
lymphadenopathy.
If there is a risk of a non-immune
pregnant woman has been exposed to the child, then the diagnosis should be
confirmed by serology.
•
Supportive.
•
Prevention: immunization with MMR.
Very rarely children may develop
arthritis, myocarditis, encephalitis, or thrombocytopenia. (When MMR vaccine
uptake is reduced, remember foetal rubella syndrome if a non-immune mother is
infected early in preg-nancy.)
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